Language, Thought, and Communication

At this stage, babies are still discovering what their bodies can do, including the ability to make sounds. 

At this stage, children are egocentric and focus only on themselves. 

At this stage, The ability to use language has developed significantly however children use it to talk about actual concrete things.

At this stage, they can use language to talk about abstract, theoretical ideas.

sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf

This theory states that our thoughts and behaviors are affected and formed by the language we speak.

vocalization

can be used to convey a variety of different messages including the location of food.

is believed to be used as a way to display dominance by the monkeys because they perceived the researchers as threatening.

He found that bees used the straight part of the dance to communicate where the food source was in relation to the current position of the sun.

is the ability to create an unlimited number of different messages.

is the ability to communicate about things that are not present or events that have yet to happen in the future.

can be simply defined as a way of conveying messages without the use of words.

has also been found to express emotion.

is when the pupils expand and look larger.

is used to communicate dominance, threat and submission.

is another form of non-verbal communication and a powerful signal that can produce unconscious emotional reactions.

is one that has a purpose, for example, humans may have used biting as an early form of self-defense.

suggests the way we interpret facial expressions is in part due to culture and nurture (learning).

are not as easy to control as those around the mouth and therefore the eyes may be seen as the most truthful facial cue in cultures that limit their emotional expressions (such as Japan).

is a specific learning disability that primarily affects reading and spelling.

is a developmental language disorder where individuals experience difficulties with language acquisition despite having no obvious cognitive or sensory impairments.

 involve difficulties in producing speech sounds correctly.

is a severe mental disorder characterized by a range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and impaired emotional regulation. 

refers to the study of the sounds used in a language, including the organization and rules governing these sounds.

involves the structure and arrangement of words to form grammatically correct sentences in a language.

is the study of meaning in language, focusing on how words and sentences convey meaning.

deals with the use of language in social contexts, considering factors such as tone, context, and the intentions of the speaker.

The process of selecting the appropriate words, organizing them according to syntactic rules, and preparing to articulate or write a message.

Accessing relevant words, phrases, and grammatical structures from memory for use in communication.

Physically producing spoken words or written symbols to convey the intended message.

Involves the reception of auditory or visual stimuli (spoken words or written text).

The process of interpreting the meaning of words, sentences, and discourse based on phonological, syntactic, and semantic cues.

Bringing together individual elements to form a cohesive understanding of the communicated message.

Understanding the meanings of individual words.

Grasping the meanings that arise from the arrangement of words in a sentence.

Considering the social and contextual aspects that contribute to the meaning of a communication act.

Temporary storage and manipulation of linguistic information during language processing.

Higher-order cognitive processes that regulate and control language production and comprehension.

Focusing cognitive resources on relevant linguistic information while filtering out distractions.