Chapter 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control

The normal, gradual change in species composition in a given geographic area.

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating.

The analysis of the factors that affect the increase, stability, and decrease of populations over time.

The maximum population of a given species that a habitat can sustain indefinitely.

Occurs when two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources

Occurs when a member of one species (predator) feeds directly on all or part of a member of another species (prey)

close, long-term association 2 or more species, 3 types

occurs when one organism (the parasite) feeds on another organism (the host), usually living on or in the host

is an interaction that benefits both species by providing

is an interaction that benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other

Two or more animals competing for the same resources

No two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely in a habitat where there is not enough of a particular resource to meet the needs of both species

A competition between individuals from the same species

Competition between members of two different species

occurs when species competing for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to use shared resources at different times, in different ways, or in different places

shells, thick bark, spines

shapes and colors

poisons, irritating (stinging), foul-smelling or bad tasting (can be poisonous)

when a non-poisonous species looks like (mimics) a species that is poisonous

when populations of two different species interact over a long period of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other

The normal, gradual change in species composition in a given geographic area

The gradual establishment of biotic communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil in a terrestrial ecosystem or no bottom sediment in an aquatic system

Occurs were communities or ecosystems have been disturbed, removed, or destroyed, but retain some soil or bottom sediments

The analysis of the factors that affect the increase, stability, and decrease of populations over time

A model that predicts the population growth rate by a shape

The number of individuals in a given geographic area

The maximum reproductive rate of an organism

The sum of all factors that limit the growth of a population

The maximum population of a given species that a habitat can sustain indefinitely

When a population grows rapidly, reaches carrying capacity, and stabilizes

Have short life spans

Reproduce later in life

A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals

A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating

Occurs when two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources.

Occurs when a member of one species (predator) feeds directly on all or part of a member of another species (prey).

occurs when one organism (the parasite) feeds on another organism (the host), usually living on or in the host.

is an interaction that benefits both species by providing

is an interaction that benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other.

No two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely in a habitat where there is not enough of a particular resource to meet the needs of both species.

A competition between individuals from the same species

Competition between members of two different species

occurs when species competing for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to use shared resources at different times, in different ways, or in different places.

when populations of two different species interact over a long period of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other

The gradual establishment of biotic communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil in a terrestrial ecosystem or no bottom sediment in an aquatic system

Occurs were communities or ecosystems have been disturbed, removed, or destroyed, but retain some soil or bottom sediments

The analysis of the factors that affect the increase, stability, and decrease of populations over time.

A model that predicts the population growth rate by a shape

The maximum reproductive rate of an organism

The sum of all factors that limit the growth of a population

The maximum population of a given species that a habitat can sustain indefinitely

When a population grows rapidly, reaches carrying capacity, and stabilizes

Have short life spans. Have many, usually small offspring and do not provide much parental care/protection

Reproduce later in life. Have smaller numbers of offspring with longer life spans. Typically develop inside their mothers and are born fairly large. After birth, they mature slowly and are protected by one or both parents

A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals

A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating

(births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)