AP Psych Unit 9 Vocab

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal).

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Explaining behaviors based on a person's characteristics; traits, maturity, etc.

Explaining behaviors based on outside factors influencing and individual.

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. (ABC)

Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments, facts and respond with favorable thoughts.

Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, emotional responses such as a speaker's attractiveness.

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Leon Festinger’s theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes.

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Influence (conforming) resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Influence (conforming) resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.

Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. (Mob Mentality)

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. (Extremes)

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. They prescribe "proper" behavior.

An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

A generalized (sometimes accurate, but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.

(Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.

"Them"—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.

The tendency to favor our own group.

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. (Blame the Victim)

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.

The principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

A form of cognitive bias which causes one part to make the whole seem more attractive or desirable. This concept can be applied to people, products, brands and companies.

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others.

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment.

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.

Evaluation of other cultures according to the standards and customs of one's own culture.

overestimating the number of people who share our belief or action.

Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment.

Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment.

A change in behavior following a demand from an authority figure.

Examined the impact of obedience to authority with his controversial Shock experiment.

Theorized the Triangle Theory of Love when describing social relationships. PIC: Passion, Intimacy & Commitment (Companionate).

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

Sternberg believes this is the ultimate form of love that has all 3: Passion, Intimacy & Commitment (Companionate).

Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions.