biology - cells

movement of material against a concentration gradient. This method requires energy produced during respiration.

respiration without oxygen

substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up itself

structure found in plants which is the site where photosynthesis occurs

tiny strands or threads around the outside of unicellular organisms which help the cilia move

the semi-liquid material inside a cell in which all organelles float in

loss of an enzyme's normal shape so that it no longer functions; caused by a less than optimal pH and temperature

the movement of material from high concentration to low concentration. This method does not require any energy.

network of folded membranes with or without ribosomes, where many chemical reactions occur, or chemicals are transported

proteins that acts as organic catalysts to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

outside the cell

a cell that has lost water due to osmosis

long hair-like strands which whip back and forth to move a unicellular organism along

organelle in the cytoplasm which modifies the packages secretions (proteins)

the lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell

organelles within the cell where respiration occurs

the part of the cell which contains the cells genetic material and controls the cells processes

the diffusion or movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a high water concentration to low water concentration

the process by which some cells may flow around particles and engulf them

the process by which green plants manufacture glucose from carbon dioxide and water

the process whereby cell lose water and cause the cytoplasm to shrink away from the cell wall

the process by which living cells break down large organic molecules to release energy in the form of ATP

a membrane which allows only small and uncharged molecules to pass through

enzymes which control only one type of reaction

a cell that is full of water due to osmosis

an organism made up of only one cell

a large bubble filled with watery fluid inside a cell

site of protein synthesis

enzymes, nails, hair etc are examples

inner folds inside a mitochondrion which increase the surface area for the reactions during respiration

the small structures found in animal cells that are involved in cell division

piles of disk like structures in a chloroplast where light is trapped and used to split the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen

the tough cellulose layer around plant cells which protects and supports the cell

the model by which substrates fit into the ridged active site of the enzyme

the model by which substrates fit into the active site of the enzyme.

small cells are better at diffusing things in and out due to their high surface area to volume ratio

the special organelle found in many freshwater unicellular organism to expel excess water. Form of active transport (ATP needed)

the transport of small and uncharged molecules with the concentration gradient. No energy/ATP is needed.

the place on an enzyme where the substrate fits

the main energy carrying molecule in an organism

the general name for the structures inside a cell

a complex organic molecule which helps certain enzymes to function

change in concentration between one area and another

a framework of microtubules inside the cytoplasm

the series of reactions that produces ATP during respiration

anaerobic respiration in plants

a light sensing organelle which is often found in photosynthetic aquatic unicellular organisms

opening which is often found in photosynthetic aquatic unicellular organisms which have to feed

the first stage of respiration where food is broken down into pyruvic acid

middle stage of respiration which occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix space

toxic compound produced in animals during anaerobic respiration

stage of photosynthesis where water is split by the sun's energy

cell organelle which contains enzymes to breakdown unwanted cell components

dark stained region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are produced

the maintenance of correct water level inside a cell/organism

cells which engulf and destroy solids (foreign) matter

the process by which the cell membrane surrounds fluid to take it into the cell

endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached

endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes attached

'space' inside chloroplasts containing starch grains and enzymes

substance that an enzyme acts upon

energy required so a reaction can start. enzymes and catalysts lower this