Chapter 1 test - Abigail Carrera

the application of scientific knowledge of practical purposes

a method used to develop or improve technology

sets a standard on which a solution can be based

the limitations that a design or solution must stay within

an exchange for one thing in return for another

attempts to evaluate the real cost of a new technology or design

favorable effects of the solution

unfavorable effects of the solution

scientists use this to ask questions, make predictions, and develop an experiment, or series of experiments to answer their questions

a complex relationship between organisms and their environment

refers to anything that causes change to the environment

disturbances caused by nature

constant state of change

can bounce back from “normal” disturbances

the ability of an ecosystem to bounce back after a disturbance

how much variation in DNA is among a group of species

the ability of an ecosystem to resist change caused by disturbances

a series of biotic changes that occurs on bare land to create a community

when an ecosystem is created from bare rock

when an ecosystem is developed on bare soil

refers to the process by which human developments, such as cities and towns, are established and develop as more people begin living in central areas

refers to a situation where a large continuous habitat is broken up into many smaller habitats

how many individuals living in a given space

how much matter in a given space

refers to how organisms separate themselves within a population

occurs when resources are spread unevenly

protection from predators and help to find mate

occurs when invidivual competes

limited resources/ territory and organisms maybe territorial

least common pattern- individuals are spread randomly

exponential growth and logistic growth

any group of organisms that has an ideal amount of resources like food, water, soace, etc. will rapidly increase in size

occurs when populations are running low on resources

the maximum number of individuals that the environment can sustain and support

factors that can affect the carrying capacity

competition: organisms compete with each other over resources

predation: feeding relationship between predator and prey

parasitism and disease: they move more rapidly in crowded places

weather: drought, flood, frost, severe storm

natural disasters: volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, fire, etc.

human activity: forest clearing, draining wetlands, habitat, fragmentation, hunting, fishing

a set of interacting components or parts

what goes into a system- energy, matter, and information

what comes out of a system- energy, matter, and information

both inputs and outputs flow in and out freely (both energy and matter)

the flow of input and output is limited (only energy is exchanged)

inputs and outputs are contained (i.e. ice cooler)

if the feedback progresses in a cycle, the input leads to an output, and the output becomes an input, etc.

the larger unit cast a “larger picture”

living or onceliving components

non-living components like energy and matter

land based ecosystem (29%)

water based ecosystem (71%)

made up of one or more cells

grow

reproduce

evolve

respond to environmental changes

maintain homeostasis (maintiainng stable internal conditions)

maintaining stable internal conditions

include both biotic and abiotic factors where the organism lives

an environment that includes everything that the organism needs to survive and reproduce

type of food

how species compete for food

where the food is in the food web

the range of air temperature and the amount of water the species can tolerate

the time of day species is active

when and where it feeds

when and where it reproduces

collection of habitats

where the organisms lives

how the organism lives within the habitat

when one organism captures and eats another organism

when organisms compete for limited resources such as food, shelter, water, space, etc

relationships between different organisms

both species benefit

one benefit and the other is harmed

one benefit and the other is harmed

the measure of the number of different species found in an area

an area with high levels of biodiversity