Chapter 5: Social Groups and Formal Organizations

two or more people who interact with one another on a regular basis, sharing common expectations and identity

a collection of people who happen to be at the same place and time but share no further correlation

a collection of people that occupy the same status

developed the different types of groups

small, intimate, warm, cooperative, and face-to-face relationship. concerned about another's well-being and personal goal orientation

large size, limited participation, impersonal, formal relationship

developed the theory of in and out groups

members express loyalty, respect, and pride

competition, rivalry with other groups

a group that serves as a point of reference in personal decision making

came up with the idea of dyads and triads

2 people, unstable because they are more likely to have conflict

3 people, may not be as intimate, but 3rd person allows for mediator

willing to go along with decisions made by others

one person will not engage in risky behavior alone, but will if others do too

group members support one another to preserve harmony, solidarity, and unity

task-oriented and wants the job done effectively and efficiently

people oriented and concerned about the group's well-being

instrumental and expressive leader

leaders make decisions independently, others obey

leaders seek input from all members in decision making

leaders avoid intervention and wait for problems to resolve themselves over time

a highly structured secondary group formed for the purpose of achieving specific goals

coercive, utilitarian, normative/voluntary, bureaucracy

legal organization that one is forced to join or joins by choice and cannot easily withdraw

organizations that one joins in because of material gains

one joins for personal satisfaction

formal organization model based on written rules, hierarchy, specialization, and impersonality

assign individuals specialized duties

positions are assigned in a hierarchy

written rules and regulations guide its operations

recruit according to certain criteria. rewards and promotions based on appearance

interactions are supposed to be guided by rules rather than personal feelings

all transactions recorded and saved

created by robert michels, rule of the many by the few