Science Test. Macromolecules, Cell membrane and Enzymes. First (,) are common names.(read textbook 52-57

Simple (sugars), (Uses)made of CHO, stores energy and helps structure. Monomer:Monosaccharides. Polymer:Polysaccharides. Ex glucose,starch bread cellulose

(Fats and oils), CHO (sometimes P).(uses)long term energy, insulation, protection and waterproofing. Made of one glycerol + 3 fatty acids. Ex Olive oil, wax, steroids, butter, cholestal, avocado oil.

(amino acids), CHON(sometimes S), (uses) builds muscles, skin and hair, speeds up chemical reactions, helps immune system and sends chemical medicine. Monomer: amino acids, Polymer: polypeptide. Ex: Hormones, antibodies, enzymes, HEMOGLOBIN.

(Nucleotide), CHONP, (uses) transmits hereditary information and stores instruction for cells, Monomer: sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base, Polymer Deoxyribose and ribose. Made of a nitrogen base, sugar and a phosphate group. Ex:DNA and RNA

A lipid that contains phosphorus

Single bonded, solid at room temp, are usually bad for you(straight bond)

Double bonded, liquid at room temp and are good for you.( connected bond)[diagonal}

help maintain homeostasis, thirst

Large molecules; polymers, monomers, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

simple sugars: glucose, galactose

sucrose, lactose

Glycogen (animals) Starch (plants) Cellulose (plants)

joins together to become a polypeptide

Folds polypeptides into the correct shape and become a protein

a hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color

(Reactants) cellulose + oxygen. ---------> (reaction)=(products) Carbon dioxide + water vapor

what all cell membrane is made of

speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. It is not changed by the reaction.

A biological catalyst,(Speeds up reactions by lowering the activation energy)

A certain temperature where the reaction rate is the highest.

A certain pH were the reaction rate is the highest.

When an enzyme passes optimal temperature or pH

When energy is absorbed over the course of the reaction

When energy is released over the course of the reaction

Where the enzyme and the substrate combined to either become a substrate and an enzyme or a enzyme and two products.

The energy needed for the reactants to make a reaction

2 layers of the cell membrane made of Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Fatty and tails(lipid) fear of water

phosphate head(likes water)

some molecules can enter or exit but not both

a type of passive transport that moving molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration does not use ATP. Way to maintain homeostasis.

a type of passive transport that moving molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration does not use ATP. Uses protein channels or carrier proteins.

a type of passive transport that moves water from a high concentration to a low concentration. Moves from Hypotonic to Hypertonic. Does not require ATP

When there are more solutes on one side

When there are more water molecules on the other side

When the two sides of the membrane have equal solutes

To burst

protein channel that uses aquaporin to move large amounts of water molecules

slightly charged(reject non polar)

no charge(reject polar)

transport of a substance across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. Low to high concentration that requires ATP.

ATP turns into ADP

takes in larger molecules

(golgi) push out large molecules

outside the cell

inside the cell

Channels and pumps Some attached to cytoskeleton Some form receptors

Act like identification cards

larger molecules

smaller substances

genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents. AGTC

single stranded genetic code AGUC

subunits of polymer

many monomers bonded together

The process of building monomers to build a polymer by removing water from the reactant side

The process of breaking down a macromolecule into monomers

receives molecules