Biological Science Test 1

A flexible process used to explore a wide variety of thoughts and ideas

The Scientific Method

What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?

1. Make Observations

2. Formulate A Hypothesis

3. Devise A Testable Prediction

4. Conduct A Critical Experiment

5. Draw Conclusions & Make Revisions

Testable explanation to a question

Hypothesis

Supported by large body of scientific evidence

Theory

Describes what nature does under certain conditions

Law

All living things are made of _____

Cells

A _____ is the smallest unit of life

Cell

A _____ is the simplest form of a substance

Element

What is the nucleus composed of?

Protons and Nutrons

The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of _____

Electrons

Protons have a ___ charge

Positive

Electrons have a ___ charge

Negative

The _______ determines an atom’s identity

Atomic Number

In an uncharged atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of _____

Electrons

The number of electrons in an atom’s valence shell will determine _______

Reactivity

The 1st shell is full at how many electrons?

2

The 2nd shell is full at how many electrons?

8

The 3rd Shell is full at how many electrons?

8

Is carbon reactive?

Yes; It’s valence shell isn’t full

In a ____ bond, two atoms share a pair of electrons

Covalent

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms

Polar

Electrons are shared equally between atoms

Nonpolar

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Molecule

Substances that dissolve in water

Hydrophilic

Substances that do not dissolve in water

Hydrophobic

Is sugar hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Hydrophilic

Is butter hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Hydrophobic

Organic molecules consist of which two atoms

Carbon and Hydrogen

______ are small subunits that bind together

Monomers

When these small subunits bind together, they for a ______

Polymer

What are the 4 biomolecules?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

Monosaccarides

What is the monomer for lipids?

Fatty Acids & Glycerol

What is the monomer for proteins?

Amino Acids

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

Polymer for carbohydrates

Disaccahrides and Polysaccharides

Polymer for lipids

Triglycerides

Polymer for proteins

More Complex Protein

Polymer for nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

Fast source of energy is the primary function for ______

Carbohydrates

Long term energy storage is the primary function for ______

Lipids

Muscle development is the primary function for ____

Proteins

Stores and transfers information is the primary function for _______

Nucleic Acids