POLISCI FINAL EXAM REVIEW

process by which individuals acquire political beliefs and attitudes

how does socialization occur?

what are examples of agents of socialization

who usually gets socialized?

party affiliation can act a similar fashion to guide peoples opinions

greatly influence peoples opinions on particular issues

who determines voting rules and regulations?

when did a majority of voting restrictions occur?

a tax that had to be paid before a person was allowed to vote

test for african americans to prevent them from voting

allowed poor, illiterate white men to get around the literacy and understanding test, had to have a grandfather who was eligible to vote before the civil war

restricted voting in democratic primaries to white voters only

eliminated poll tax

eliminated all discriminatory practices disenfranchising black voters

everyone 18 years and older can vote and this was when we achieved universal suffrage

no discrimination in voting on account of race

no discrimination in voting on account of sex

what are reasons people wont vote?

cost of voting outweighs benefits

why people vote the way they do, has to do with ideological beliefs as well as mental cues

for voters who don't have the opportunity or desire to gain greater knowledge of candidates and issues

channel of voter choice

things that have to do with partisanship

mechanism of carrying out democracy and the public will

who sets procedures for congressional elections

who cannot alter the procedures for congressional elections

who chooses the president

voting for a state of electors for one party/candidate or the other

choose candidates for major parties

choose who wins public office

most number of votes

50% + 1 vote

choose between top two vote receivers in general/primary election

choose who wins public office

congress mandates that this day also be used for congressional elections

where people cast their vote

usually fill in the bubble ballot that gets read by scanner

records votes electronically and instantly

used today to secure privacy of who you are voting for

best way to show americans votes. They do this through redrawing state lines and having a census every 10 years

one person’s vote should be equal to any others when letting representatives // one person = one vote

one representative per geographic area

manipulating district boundaries for a specific purpose usually to the advantage of a particular candidate or party

not illegal but frowned upon

majority-minority districts to try and increase minority representation in congress

ruled that we need minority representation but you cannot redistrict solely based on race because it is unconstitutional

introduce candidate, get message across, and motivate the voters

what does a campaign speech need to do

main points of candidates message and easily remembered by citizens

main components of a campaign

what did the founding fathers not want

broad government vs small government rural/agricultural interests liberalizing tendencies vs conservative tendencies

john adams, strong government and commercial interest

thomas jefferson, states rights and agricultural interests

follows in jefferson’s common man footsteps

formed in 1834, anti jacksonian “tyrannical power accumulation

did not want federal government intrusion on race issues - “solid south”

favored government promoting business and economic growth and usually had protestant moral values including temperance

tolerant to immigrants and non-protestants and more concerned with urban issues

grew out of the democratic party- agrarian party

concerned with lots of social and political reform

economic policy influences american politics and economics to present day

major constituencies shit party allegiance, creating long term change

another realignment that meant republicans used southern strategy to draw conservative, white southern voters

two major parties dominate at any particular times

reform some aspect of politics

entire platform is structured around one issue

typically the fringe of american ideologies

civil service reforms, primary elections, initiatives and referenda, and australian ballot

decline in party loyalties reducing long-term party commitment

party platforms becoming more ideologically polarized

an organized membership and pursuit of shared policy interest

logical for people not to join interest groups

most common and effective method of action for interest groups

interest groups, congress and bureaucrats form a network of info and support and makes it difficult for other voices to be heard in the policy building process

less structures and more inclusive in helping shape policy

encouraging group members to contact legislators

some groups and organizations litigate legal challenges on behalf of supporters and may file amicus curiae briefs

briefs on behalf of supporters or in support of issues that can guide legal decisions by giving their interpretations of law

Three main factors of interest groups

wide variety of sources which perform a wide variety of functions

organizations that are devoted to reporting the news item of the day

mouthpieces for parties

news was sensationalized or fabricated to aid public interest

What conflict was because of yellow journalism?

journalism that exposes corruption or unfair practices

mandated equal time to candidate and political pundits from both political parties

News source influences

how many americans get their news from social media