bio cell cycle flashcards

• (n) have one copy of each homologous chromosome (one from each parent)

  • Sex cells/Gamete cells in humans

(2n) have two pairs of homologous chromosomes

• Body cells/Somatic cells in humans

Body cells, diploids

Sex cells, haploid

Cells from two parents combine to form a new cell of a new organism

Single parent produces offspring with identical genetic info

Thin, compact, threadlike structures within the nucleus that has genetic info to be passed onto the offspring

In eukaryotic chromosomes, substance made of DNA coiled around the histone

A protein that DNA wraps around to give a chromosome its shape

Genetically identical chromosomes duplicates

Same size, shape, and types of genes

series of events in which a cell grows, prepares to divide, and divides to form two daughter cells (interphase, PMAT, cytokinesis)

nucleus divides, PMAT, creates SOMATIC CELLS

cell division, 2 stage process

Region where two sister chromatids meet/attach

Region near the nucleus in the cytoplasm which contains the centrioles (which form spindle fibers)

Make up the mitotic spindle, attach to chromosomes during metaphase and pull chromatids opposite ways during anaphase (separates the chromosomes)

IN A PLANT CELL, formed when cytoplasm is split in half

IN AN ANIMAL CELL, formed when cytoplasm is split in half

XY, two different sister chromatids (different sizes)

XX, identical sizes

LONGEST STAGE OF CELL CYCLE, ENDS IN PARENT CELL

G1: cell growth before DNA duplication

S: DNA duplication

G2: cell prepares for division

Nucleus is still there, chromosomes visible and condensing, spindles begin forming

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, spindle fibers fully formed

Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell (moving towards the poles) w/ the help of spindle fibers

Chromosomes are at complete opposite ends, new nuclei forming on each side to make these two new cells, SPINDLES DISAPPEAR

SPLITS CYTOPLASM