Political Geography
Spatial analysis of political systems
Peace of Westphalia
1648 treaty recognizing rulers' rights in defined territories
Political Maps
Show spatial organization of countries and territories
State (Country)
Political unit with centralized sovereign authority
Nation
Community bound by homeland and common identity
Nation-State
Political unit where nation's boundaries match country's
Nationalism
Belonging to and identifying with a national culture
Stateless Nations
Ethnic group without own state or majority in any
Multinational States
Countries with multiple national
Multistate Nations
Ethnic groups divided by international boundaries
Autonomous Regions
Subdivision with self-government within a country
Semi Autonomous Regions
Subdivision with partial self-government in a country
Self-determination
Nation's ability to determine statehood and allegiances
Core Areas
Territorial nucleus from which countries expand
Escarpments
Abrupt slopes acting as geographical barriers
Globalization
Affects national sovereignty based on enforcement
Colonialism
End result of imperialism by dominant countries
Imperialism
Dominance of powerful countries over weaker ones
Devolution
Movement of power from central to regional governments
Ethnonationalism
Nationalism based on ethnic
Economic Forces
Wealth differences leading to devolution
Territorial Forces
Remote areas seeking autonomy
Neocolonialism
Indirect control by powerful countries
Core States
Most advanced industrial nations
Periphery
States with little industrial development
Semi-periphery
States between core and periphery
Shatterbelts
Regions fragmented by devolution
Choke Points
Narrow passages restricting traffic
Strait
Narrow water body connecting larger ones
Boundary
Clearly marked line dividing territories
Borderland
Region overlapping international cultures
Frontier
Marginal region with limited settlement
Enclave
Territory within a country but not ruled by it
Exclave
Territory separated from the main country
Delimited
Fixing boundaries to identify limits
Demarcated
Setting boundaries to distinguish limits
Relic Boundary
Non-functional international border
Superimposed Boundary
Boundary disregarding existing ones
Subsequent Boundary
Boundary evolving with cultural landscape
Antecedent Boundary
Boundary identified before settlement
Geometric Boundary
Boundary with straight lines regardless of features
Consequent Boundary
Boundary accommodating cultural differences
DMZ
Border between North and South Korea
Buffer States
Weak independent countries between powers
Satellite States
Nominally independent but controlled countries
UNCLOS
Convention defining sea territorial rights
EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone for coastal states
Median-Line Principle
Dividing boundaries at midpoint between places