Freshman Biology: Genetics

gene that is expressed or visible and will appear in organism

(B)

gene that is mashed by dominant and can be carried

2 alleles you have for a trait

(BB, Bb, bb)

what these 2 alleles make you look like

(blonde vs. brown hair)

genotype contains same two genes (true breeding)

(BB, bb)

genotype contains two different genes

(Bb)

different forms of a gene

(B, b)

characteristics passed from parents to kids (section on a chromosome that codes for trait)

(hair, eye color)

may have multiple alleles, but only two go to each genotype

process of cell division used exclusively to produce gametes (sex cells)

- half # of chromosomes (23)

- each sex cell provides copy of gene to offspring

occurs when two different alleles of same strength (blend together)

(RW = pink)

see both colors (C^B C^W)

characteristics that are determined by combination of multiple genes (eye color (15), skin color(3))

"Watson and Crick", but really Franklin

deoxyribonucleic acid

building block (sugar + nitrogen base + phosphate)

deoxyribose sugar + phosphate

nitrogenous bases (order makes up you)

picture of organism's chromosomes (largest -> smallest)

non-sex chromosomes (humans 1-22)

determine gender (humans 23)

somatic (2 sets of chromosomes)

gametes (1 set of chromosomes)

Adenine (pairs w/ T)

thymine (pairs with A)

guanine (pairs w/ C)

cytosine (pairs w/ G)

links nitrogen bases together

links phosphate to sugar + sugar to base

the study of heredity