Unit 1 AP Psych

Mind is separable from body, knowledge is preexisting.

Knowledge grows from experiences stored in memories.

thought ‘animal spirits’ flowed from brain to muscles through nerves for movement, agreed with Socrates and Plato.

founded modern science

wrote ‘An Essay Concerning Human Understanding’, helped form modern empiricism.

idea that knowledge is formed from experience and that science should rely on observations and experimentation.

the state of our mind being a ‘blank slate’ at birth, developed by John Locke

conducted the first psychological laboratory, made a machine that measures people’s reaction time.

Wundt’s student who established the first US psychological laboratory in John Hopkins University.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis.

founded structuralism

used introspection to reveal structure of the human mind

self reflection

Results varied from person to person, and people’s recollection were frequently errors.

founded Functionalism, inspired by Charles Darwin

explored how mental and behavioral processes enable organisms to adapt, survive and flourish.

first female president of the APA (American Psychological Association)

first woman to earn a psychology degree, 2nd female president of the APA.

study of behavior and thinking by using the experimental method.

textbook by William James

studied how emotional responses to childhood experiences & unconscious thought processes affect behavior

Psychology is the study of observable behavior

founded Behaviorism

view that psychology is an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Humanistic Psychology, opposed behaviorism

focused on how environment influences can nurture/limit our growth potential & importance of having needs of love/acceptance satisfied, focused on the growth potential of healthy people.

behaviorist, rejected introspection

study of how brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, language)

science of behavior & mental processes

any actions that can be observed

internal, subjective experiences

Aristotle,Socrates —— Descartes & Locke —— Empiricism

Wundt, structuralism & functionalism, James & Titchener

science of mental life — behaviorism — humanistic & cognitive psychology — science of behavior & mental processes

1. There is a structure of each system

2. The position of each element could be determined by structure in a whole.

3. Structural laws deal with co-existence rather than change.

4. Structure is real

controversy over contribution that genes (nature) & experience/environment (nurture) make to psychology traits and behaviors.

principle that traits that contribute to reproduction & survival will most likely be passed on to generations.

considers influences of biological, psychological and social-cultural factors.

study of links between biological & psychological processes

scientific study of the measurements of human abilities, attitudes and traits.

pure science that aims to increase scientific knowledge base

branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive & social change throughout a person’s life span.

study of what influences teaching & learning

study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.

study of how we think about, influence & relate to others.

study that aims to solve practical problems

application of psychological concepts to optimize human behavior in workplaces

I/O subfield, focuses on how people & machines interact & how they can be made safe & easy to use

helps people cope with challenges & crises & in achieving greater well-being

assesses/treats psychological disorders

deals with disorders, provides drug treatment

Positive Psychology

goal of discovering strengths that help people & communities thrive

study of historical figures

study of language & thinking

studies how people interact with social environments & how institutions affect individuals and groups

enhanced memory after retrieving information

Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review

Cognitive Neuroscience

Functionalist

Humanistic approach

Cognitive

Biological, Evolutionary, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic, Social-Cultural

genetics (nature) environment (nurture)