Ch 5: Soil Systems and Societies

________ are ideal for agriculture, as they are a mixture of sand, clay, and silt.

________: increasing number of people that live in urban areas, potential land for agricultural land for agriculture has cities built on it.

________: can not be applied long term, removal of crops after harvest (erosion), ploughing in direction of the slope, excessive use of pesticide, irrigation → can cause salinisation as minerals.

________: the ease at which gases and liquids pass through the soil.

________ is a process which takes away the soil.

________: removal of forests, removal of vegetation leads to erosion.

________: process in which materials stored and layers are formed by water carrying particles either up or down.

________: useful means of converting plant material.

Overcropping: depletes soil ________ and makes soil dry (risk of erosion), reduced soil fertility.

________ addresses loss of soil fertility.

________ determines water and nutrients retained.

________: losses of minerals, water> the soil profile.

________: business of agriculture production.

________: of materials within the soil including biological mixing, leaching, contribute to the organisations of the soil.

________: minerals, organic matter, gases, water.

________: The complete change of materials in the soil (decomposition, weathering, nutrient cycling)

________ and food: reduce meat, different crops, more protein.

________ (or farming): farming or self sufficing to grow enough for a family.

________: large scale production of crops and livestock for sale.

________ is formed when partially decomposed organic matter is mixed with fine material particles, when decomposition is incomplete, a layer dark organic matter is formed → humus layer.

________: illustrates the differences in composition of soils.

Stores: minerals, ________, organisms, air, water, nutrients.

________: loam which is the balance between clay and soil.

________: decrease use of transport and packaging → overall decrease in energy use.

Monocropping: ________ are depleted and soil loses fertility.

losses of minerals, water > the soil profile

of materials within the soil including biological mixing, leaching, contribute to the organisations of the soil

The complete change of materials in the soil(decomposition, weathering, nutrient cycling)

loam which is the balance between clay and soil

illustrates the differences in composition of soils

process in which materials stored and layers are formed by water carrying particles either up or down

occur when water flows down in the soil, dissolving minerals and transporting them downwards

the ease at which gases and liquids pass through the soil

acid rain causing pollution, adversely affecting soil and causing damage to evergreen forestry

large scale production of crops and livestock for sale

farming or self sufficing to grow enough for a family

adapt through irrigation/greenhouses

determined by governments to manipulate production

market forces determine supply and demand in a free market economy

useful means of converting plant material

requires the removal of biomass from the field, net loss of biomass, nutrients, minerals

soil erosion, salinisation, desertification, urbination

regulate imports and exports to reduce unsustainable agricultural practices

decrease use of transport and packaging → overall decrease in energy use

too many animals graze in the same area, leaves bare patches (roots done hold soil together

depletes soil nutrients and makes soil dry (risk of erosion), reduced soil fertility

removal of forests, removal of vegetation leads to erosion

cannot be applied long term, removal of crops after harvest (erosion), ploughing in direction of the slope, excessive use of pesticide, irrigation → can cause salinisation as minerals

nutrients are depleted and soil loses fertility

increasing number of people that live in urban areas, potential land for agricultural land for agriculture has cities built on it

chalk, crushed limestone, counters soil acidification, lime

plant trees/bushes between fields

terracing, ploughing, counter farming