Psychology

psychological treatment that consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

medication or other biological treatments designed to alleviate symptoms or remedy the disorder

which is the combined use of therapy and biological treatments

see the problems as learned behaviors that can be replaced by constructive behaviors via learning principles

new, more adaptive ways of thinking based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our physiological and emotional states

seek to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance; they favor promoting personal growth as a means of curing the illness.

the use of classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.

can aid people in the recovery or coping with fears

is forming relaxed associations with fearful stimuli or situations

developed systematic desensitization

can be utilized to associate an unpleasant state or experience with an unwanted behavior

is any set of secondary reinforcers that can be used to encourage new, positive behaviors by offering a token (such as money or an agreement) to gain a reward for a good behavior

developed rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

which was designed to challenge a person's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions in the hopes of making a positive change in one's physiology by replacing self-defeating thoughts and attitudes with healthy or productive feelings

took a lighter approach as he organized more gentle questioning to reveal irrational thinking. Beck aided in the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

which sought to change behavior by identifying self-defeating thoughts that altered our perceptions of the world

developed by Carl Rogers. Client-centered therapy focuses on finding and fulfilling the needs of the individual and setting their lives in motion towards meaningful goals

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies the message of the client

meaning they must listen without judgement to allow the client to feel comfortable communicating genuinely

act of discovering these problems and solutions on their own is known

the study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior - is another important tool in addressing psychological disorders

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders depending on the situation

discovered in the 1950s; was discovered to help with treating or reducing the severity of symptoms in schizophrenic patient

focus more on treating symptoms than the actual root cause of the disorder.

can enhance therapy and help with other disorders that experience anxiety as a symptom

may help prevent severe depression or bipolar disorder

may be used specifically to treat the disorder

the patient receives an anesthetic & muscle relaxant and then is administered cycles of electrical stimulation to enhance frontal lobe and other neural activity

enables increased neural activity by spinning two magnetic coils around the head that can help those who have been deemed resistant to antidepressant medication

the removing or destroying brain tissue

which severs the connection of frontal lobes with emotional centers

personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity or even trauma

evidence-based practice where the clinician makes use of the best available research with clinical experts, only prescribing treatments based on proven techniques support by extensive data or clinical studies

a therapeutic technique similar to REBT that views individuals as responding to underlying psychological issues, the only difference being that psychoanalysts believe unconscious forces are responsible for the psychological strife

consists of patients answering questions about their life, past, dreams, or images shown to them

expensive

much cheaper and time effective

does therapy do anything?

developed meta-analysis

a procedure for combining the results of hundreds of different therapy studies in order to determine its effectiveness