english notes (3rd quarter)

a way to analyze or criticize literary works

introduction; summary; analysis; conclusion

called ‘lenses’ different perspectives in analyzing or interpreting a text

meaning of a text can be determined only by analyzing the literary elements of the text and by understanding how these elements work together to form up a cohesive whole

focuses on the structure, form, and style of a literary work. it emphasizes the internal components of the text, such as language, plot, and character, without necessarily considering the historical or cultural context.

examines a literary work in its historical context, considering the social, cultural, and political factors that influenced its creation. this approach aims to understand how the historical background shapes the meaning of the text.

involves the understanding of the historical and cultural conditions that influences the production of the literary work

conveys a lesson or a message, judges by the ethical teachings of the literary work and how it affects its readers

involves analyzing and evaluating literary works based on their ethical or moral implications. it examines how characters' actions, themes, and the overall narrative contribute to moral lessons or reflect ethical principles.

shows female representation in literature, paying attention to female points of view, their concerns, and values

examines literature with a focus on gender roles, stereotypes, and the representation of women. it seeks to understand how gender dynamics and power relations are portrayed in literary works and how these representations contribute to or challenge societal norms.

interprets literary works through the lens of marxist theory, emphasizing the role of class struggle, economic structures, and power dynamics. it explores how literature reflects and critiques societal inequalities, ideologies, and the impact of economic systems on individuals and groups.

analyzes literature by focusing on class struggle, economic structures, and power dynamics, examining how the work reflects and critiques societal inequalities.

focuses on the reader's subjective response to a text. it argues that meaning is not inherent in the text but is constructed by the reader's interpretation and personal experiences.

this approach emphasizes the role of the reader in shaping the meaning of a literary work.

a statement that involves the speakers’ emotions and cannot be proven as true

a statement that is somewhat true and somewhat false, a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief, full of conviction and tends to influence other people’s perspectives

cannot be proven as true, a belief of someone, cannot be proven at all

somewhat true, somewhat false, a belief of someone, may be proven as true or false

it is true and bases on evidence and research and scientific data

i think, in my opinion, personally, i believe

does not start with ‘i think’, ‘personally’. these are declarations

synonymous to a belief, argument, and stand

should be argumentative and debatable, should be specific and focused, interesting and engaging, logical

three types of claims

a claim or statement that happened in the past, has existed, exists and will continue to exist

a claim based on data, documents, scientific observation and research

did it happen? is it a fact? does it exist? is is true? how can it be proven?

a claim that bases on morality; belief, ethics, and philosophy

combining stated and limited facts and proving them as either good or bad targeting the readers’ emotions

which is good and which is bad? whose standards are used? which ones are more important?

a claim or argument where actions should be carried out

also known as claims of solutions for it suggests and supports policies and solutions, action to be taken is based on the results

a claim wherein the problem and solution is stated: contains the clue word ‘should’ or ‘must’

what should we do? how should we act? how can we save this problem? what course of action should we carry out?

what type of claim is this? “mount everest is the tallest mountain on earth.”

what type of claim is this? “the earth revolves around the sun.”

what type of claim is this? “severe cases of covid-19 can lead to respiratory failure and other complications.”

what type of claim is this? “the emergence of covid-19 as a global pandemic has underscored the importance of international cooperation in addressing public health crises.”

what type of claim is this? “equality and justice are essential values for a fair and harmonious society.”

what type of claim is this? “kindness is an important value that fosters positive relationships in society.”

what type of claim is this? “self-care is not just a luxury but a societal value, recognizing the importance of mental and physical well-being as foundational to overall personal and professional success.”

what type of claim is this? “youtube is more entertaining than tiktok.”

what type of claim is this? “schools should provide better resources and support for mental health.”

what type of claim is this? “communities should invest in renewable energy to reduce our impact on the environment.”

what type of claim is this? “addressing plastic pollution requires enforcing strict regulations on single-use plastics to protect our oceans and marine ecosystems.”

what type of claim is this? “worsening urban traffic congestion can be addressed by promoting efficient public transportation systems and investing in infrastructure.”

what type of claim is this? “the proliferation of misinformation on social media necessitates the implementation of effective content moderation strategies to safeguard public trust in information sources.”

agreeing or positive

disagreeing or negative

a type or format of debate that is widely used in academic competitions across the world

constructive speech, interpellation, rebuttals

number of minutes given to a speaker to deliver his/her constructive speech

number of minutes given to a speaker to cross-examine the opposing speaker

a speech that a speaker delivers that consists of his/her statement and stands on a certain topic

portion of the debate where the opposing speaker gets to ask categorical questions towards the other speaker

a refutation or contradiction

main protagonist and former convict who seeks redemption and undergoes a transformation after being shown kindness by a bishop

the main antagonist, a police inspector who relentlessly pursues jean valjean throughout the story due to his uncompromising sense of justice

young woman who faces hardships and sacrifices for the well-being of her daughter, cosette. she is a symbol of maternal sacrifice

was impregnated by a young aristocrat who left her upon knowledge of her pregnancy. she let complete strangers raise her daughter for lack of money and food.

she resorted to prostitution to send money to her daughter’s caretakers.

fantine's daughter, who is initially mistreated by the thénardiers but later becomes the central focus of jean valjean's care and protection

the kind bishop who shows compassion to jean valjean, leading to valjean's transformation

english translation of les miserables

a streetwise and courageous young boy who plays a significant part in the june rebellion

an orphan by choice, and was always sent by his parents (thenardiers) outside on the streets which he prefers.

a young boy who helped the revolutionaries in their cause, and was eventually killed while looking for empty cartridges in the battlefield.

was a victim of the thenardiers’ harsh upbringing. she mistreated cosette when they were both young girls. she was forced to steal, lie, and beg on the streets but changed after meeting marius.

she was accidentally killed while secretly sending a letter to cosette from marius.

a young revolutionary and the love interest of cosette. he becomes entangled in the june rebellion in paris.

an unscrupulous and cunning innkeeper who mistreats cosette and is involved in various criminal activities.

was always blaming society for his impoverished state. owned an inn, but cheated on his customers. after being bankrupt, he started begging and stealing. forces his children to do the same.

he blackmailed fantine, marius, and jean valjean

thenardier's wife, who is equally dishonest and cruel. she plays a significant role in the mistreatment of cosette

the thénardiers' daughter, who has unrequited love for marius

a charismatic student leader and revolutionary who plays a key role in organizing the june rebellion

author of les miserables

this novel revolves around the concepts of justice, mercy, love, and redemption.

the novel explores the impact of societal injustice, the struggle for personal redemption, and the transformative power of love and compassion.

a novel that explores human condition amidst the social and political backdrop of 19th-century france

stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister's starving child. this act of theft is driven by compassion and desperation, as valjean's family is facing extreme poverty and hunger. he was imprisoned for nineteen years

given to jean valjean by bishop myriel to symbolize grace, mercy, and the potential for personal redemption