Finas: Pre-analytical (Part 1)

Deals with cells and fluids, cytologic changes in cells.

Studies normal and abnormal. Most are abnormal tissue. Bridge the gap between beginning and end stage.

Who are the Anatomist in 17th century?

Process of specimen by histotech: ECDSCML

What are the pre analytical?

Clue: RAGP

Crew where it is responsible for overall.

A. Department manager

B. Medtech/Histotech

C. Clerial Support

D. Pathologist and Resident

E. Lab aid

Responsible for grossing in pre-analytical phase.

A. Department manager

B. Medtech/Histotech

C. Clerial Support

D. Pathologist and Resident

E. Lab aid

Responsible for station of accessioning, grossing and report generation.

A. Department manager

B. Medtech/Histotech

C. Clerial Support

D. Pathologist and Resident

E. Lab aid

Responsible for the analysis and diagnosis

Responsible for station of accessioning, grossing and report generation.

A. Department manager

B. Medtech/Histotech

C. Clerial Support

D. Pathologist and Resident

E. Lab aid

Which are not purpose of histopathology/cytology studies?

A. To diagnose

B. To treat

C. Asses prognosis

D. Asses treatment

E. To screen disease

F. None of the above

What is the percentage of fixative used in histopath?

What is the percentage of fixative used in cytopath?

What is the container ratio?

A. 1:200

B. 1:10

C. 1:100

In request forms, do you need to know the previous diagnosis of the patient?

TRUE OR FALS

What is the ideal volume of fixative you should use?

What will happen if the specimen is not processed immediately?

A. Autolysis

B. Darkening of tissue

C. Tissue will shrink

The purpose of this is to preserve tissues permanently in a life-like state as possible.

A. Fixation

B. Dehydration

C. Clearing

It is a fixative that is almost closet to being perfect, mostly used.

What are the 5 major groups of fixatives? AMAOP

Part of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde:

A, Aldehydes

B. Mercurial

C. Alcohols

D. Oxidizing agents

E. Picrate

Tissue is fixed by cross-linkages formed in the proteins, particularly between lysine residues.

A. Formaldehyde

B. Glutaraldehyde

This cross-linkage does not harm the structure of proteins greatly, so that antigenicity is not lost.

TRUE OR FALSE

Formaldehyde is good for:

A. Immunohistochemistry technique

B. Immunoperoxidase technique

C. Immunocytology technique

Penetration of formaldehyde to tissue is:

A. Fast

B. Slow

What is the gold standard/standard solution of formalin in histopath?

A. 10% neutral buffered formalin

B. 10% saline formalin

It prevents the acidity that would promote autolysis and cause precipitation of formolheme pigment in the tissue?

A. Formaline

B. Saline

C. Buffer

Which is not true about formaldehyde?

A. used for all routine surgical pathology and autopsy tissues when an H and E slide is to be produce.

B. the most forgiving of all fixatives when conditions are not ideal, and there is no tissue that it will harm significantly. (most non-toxic)

C. Most clinicians and nurses can understand what formalin is and does and it smells bad enough that they are careful handling it.

D. Very good for electron microscopy

They can cause deformation of alpha-helix structure in protein so its not good for Immunoperoxidase staining.

A. Formaldehyde

B. Glutaraldehyde

Penetrates very poor but best in overall cytoplasmic and nuclear detail.

A. Formaldehyde

B. Glutaraldehyde `

What is the standard solution of gulataraldehyde?

Known fixative for mercurials?

Best application is for fixation of hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial tissues such as bone marrow and lymp nodes.

A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

They are protein denaturants and are not used routinely for tissues because they cause too much brittleness and hardness.

A. Methyl alcohol and ethyl

B. Potassium permanganate

C. Mercuric chloride

They are good for cytologic smears and give good nuclear details

A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

How many percent of ethyl alcohol is used in cytopathologic fixation?

A. 50% ethyl

B. 90% ethyl

C. 95% ethyl

Spray can of alcohol is use for PAP smear before. But hairspray too.

True or False

It is used for tissue culture specially on freeze drying. They can cross-link rproteins but cause extensive denaturation.

A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurial

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

Which are not part of oxidizing agents.

A. Potassium permanganate

B. Potassium dichromate

C. Osmium tetroxide

D. None of the above

Foremost among is the Bouins fluid

A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

Same as mercurial because of the nuclear detail but does not cause hardness.

A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

The solution stain yellow when in touches the skin.

A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

Ideal solution in histopathology:

A. 10% neutral buffered Formalin

B. 95% ethyl alcohol

Ideal solution in cytopathology:

A. 10% neutral buffered Formalin

B. 95% ethyl alcohol

What is the pH of a commercial formalin when buffered with phosphate?

A. 6

B. 7

C. 8

pH of fixation should be around:

A. 6-7

B. 7-8

C. 4-5

Does hypoxia lowers the pH of fixation?

True or false

It is a black polarizable deposits in tissue

Ideal cut for great penetration?

A. 1-3 mm

B. 2-3mm

C. 5 mm

Ratio of fixative to tissue

A. 10:1

B. 10:5

C. 20:1

Cold formalin will fix the tissue faster.

True or false

High concentration of fixative will cause tissue swelling

tRUE OR FALSE

Artifacts will be introduced by drying so tissue must be keep it moist with:

A. Formalin

B. Alcohol

C. Saline

Minimum slides for radical specimen.

A. 5 specimen slide

B. 8 specimen slide