AP Psych - Unit 9

The study of how we influence and relate to one another.

Our tendency to explain someone’s behavior by either crediting the situation or the person’s disposition rather than a nuanced interaction between the two.

Most people tend to overestimate the impact of one’s disposition or personality, giving little or no credit to the situation.

When something goes well, we tend to give our personality, intellect, character, etc., credit for accomplishment. Conversely, when things go poorly, we tend to blame external factors.

Feelings that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as the speaker’s attractiveness or charisma.

Functions on a deeper level, and occurs when interested people have positive or sympathetic emotions triggers that may alter their iRolentuition/attitude; one is then able to focus on presenting the rational, data-driven arguments when a positive attitude and favorable thoughts have been instilled in the listener.

Tendency of people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Sets of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Conducted the prison study for 5 days. Mock prison actions had been very clearly determined by one’s expectation or fulfillment of the role.

idea that we act to reduce the conflict (dissonance) between our thoughts and actions.

Automatic mimicry is when our moods, behaviors, roles, etc., are mimicked unconsciously.

While we automatically and unconsciously mimic others, consciously adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with the group standard

Five of the six subjects in each group were intentionally instructed to give the same wrong answer, leaving the experimental subject (the lone person) to decide to go with their answer, or conform to the obviously-incorrect group answer.

Many subjects succumbed to group pressure and either answered incorrectly with the group each time, or answered with the group after experiencing a negative reaction. When provided with a partner to go against the group, people were much more likely to resist the group answer.

Compelled to conform due to a desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

The willingness to accept others’ reality because they felt there was no way five people could be wrong about something so obvious.

A person is far more likely to be obedient than they perceived themselves to be when instructed by an authority figure.

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.  What essentially develops is an eco-chamber of similar ideas and sentiments.  Since most or all members agree with the opinions and ideas of their peers, there is little in the way of opposition to ideas or divergent thinking.

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in the decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

We preform better or more intensely in the presence of others on simple or well-learned tasks.

We tend to perform worse—or at least with less effort—when sharing the load with others.

The lose of one’s self control and identity in the anonymity of a group setting.

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude or pre-judgement towards a group and its members.

Generalized beliefs about a group and the individuals

A view that their race or ethnicity is superior to others.

Feeling or desire towards some but not others.

geographical nearness, is the biggest determinant in friendship and developing romantic attractions

The idea that repeated exposures to stimuli breed a liking of said stimuli.

Attraction to someone’s appearance and what they look like from the outside.

The more things you share in common, the more enduring the liking will be.

Intense set of feelings is a combination of our physiological arousal (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, heart rate, etc.) when around or thinking about our new lover, as well as the cognitive label we attach to those feelings.

Deep affection and attachment that we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

Trust, calmness, and bonding hormone.  This can allow the attraction and sexual desire to endure, minus the early passionate-love obsession.

Unselfish concern for others.

The phenomenon that makes one LESS likely to help when others are around.

Social exchange theory is the idea that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

The expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Social expectation that one should help people in need of helping—people that are perceivably less able to help themselves.

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas with others.

A situation in which the conflicting party’s pursuit of their own self-interest leads to destructive behavior

Mutual views held by conflicting people in which each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side s evil and aggressive.

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

A common goal or enemy two conflict parties can come together to fix or face.

Discomfort and slight prejudice in attitudes towards other groups.

We then often develop prejudiced beliefs against the outgroup, and preferential views, treatment, and favoritism to those in our own group

the idea that the world is just and you get what you deserve, be it good or bad

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger