History 342 EXAM 2

This "maternity of the spirit" derived from the nun's status as a spiritual "bride of Christ" and from her works of teaching, nursing, orphan care, and moral reform

Founder of the Sisters of Charity and the first American parochial schools in Maryland; this order staffed both schools and hospitals

Elizabeth Ann Seton supported and believed in this idea of the Maternity of the spirit and that all nuns have the responsibility to nurture others

prevailing view among middle and upper class white women during the nineteenth century in which women were supposed to embody perfect virtue in all senses

Female reformer that pushed for female employment as teachers; still embraced the role of a good homemaker for women; an example of the fact that not all women were pushing for radical reforms.

Catherine Beecher believed in "Cult of true womanhood" but still pushed for woman to be able to work outside the house

In 1820, the American Colonization Society created a colony in West Africa for freed slaves to go. By the 1840s this colony had its own constitution and became and independent nation.

5th President

James Monroe was president when the U.S bought Liberia

A method of reformers attempting to convert people to their cause by highlighting the moral implications of the opposing viewpoint.

Created the magazine the Liberator. Slavery is a "Sin" argument

William Lloyd Garrison used moral suasion in his magazine "The Liberator" by calling slavery a sin

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

the social reformer who campaigned for women's rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association

Susan B. Anthony was apart of the Temperance movement before she became the women's rights movement

the freedom of self-contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge one another for dominance

A leading evangelist of the Second Great Awakening, he preached that each person had the capacity for spiritual rebirth and salvation and that through individual effort could be saved. His concept of "utility of benevolence" proposed the reformation of society as well as of individuals.

Charles Finney believed in "free agency"

Political party formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), Was a war hero before his presidency. As president, he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

The Whig Party was a political party created specifically to oppose Andrew Jacksons policies

site of Woman's Rights Convention in 1848

A member of the women's right's movement in 1840. She was a mother of seven, and she shocked other feminists by advocating suffrage for women at the first Women's Right's Convention in Seneca, New York 1848. Stanton read a "Declaration of Sentiments" which declared "all men and women are created equal."

During the first Women's Rights convention in 1848. Elizabeth Cady Stanton read a Declaration of Sentiments where she declared men and women are created equal

time of capitalism and competition--> land became more expensive -land expanded, more slaves purchased, extended lines of credit, high risk

Invented the cotton gin

Eli Whitney's cotton gin invention increased the amount of cotton produced in America which started the cotton revolution

The Virginia state legislature debated from 1831 to 1832 various solutions to the increasing issue of slavery and slave revolts. This debate was prompted by the infamous Nat Turner rebellion in 1831. Various solutions included abolishing slavery and sending slaves to Africa, but ultimately no action was taken.

Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives

The Nat Turner Rebellion in 1831 was one of the main factors that caused the Virginia Slavery debate

An argument in the 1830s was that the institution of slavery was a "positive good" because it subsidized an elegant lifestyle for the white elite and provided tutelage for genetically inferior Africans.

The expression was used by Southern authors and orators before the Civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the South's cotton. Coined by James Hammond

The "Positive Good" Argument" came about because cotton plantations needed slaves in order to keep up with the supply and demand of cotton

A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848. 3rd party

Kentucky anti-slavery leader; presidential candidate of liberty party in 1840, free soil platform

James G. Birney was a presidential candidate involved with the Liberty Party.

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

During the 1840s and 1850s, he made the church of Catholic a more assertive institution, by encouraging parents of Catholic Youth to send their kidlets to parochial schools, and even wanted the government to pay for them. He was an important figure for Irish immigrants during the famine.

John Hughes was the figurehead or "leader" of the Irish immigrant and this made protestants worry because all of the Irish immigrants were catholic. This created the Nativism movement that supported natural born protestant Americans

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.

John Marshall established judicial review during the Marbury v Madison case

Series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on methodism and baptism, stressed philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for protestants. Attracted women, African Americans,and Native Americans

Popular name for Western New York, a region particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening.

The burned-over district was the location where most of the 2nd great awakening took place

A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation.

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.

The transportation revolution caused the creation of the Erie canal as a way to try and make the travel time go down.

At around the age of twelve, Douglass encounters this book, which contains a philosophical dialogue between a master and a slave. In the dialogue, the master lays out the argument for slavery, and the slave refutes each point, eventually convincing the master to release him. The book also contains a reprint of a speech arguing for the emancipation of Irish Catholics and for human rights generally.

former slave traveled the country speaking out against slavery, newspaper called North Star

The book helps Douglass to fully articulate the case against slavery, but it also makes him hate his masters more and more. This dilemma is difficult position for Douglass and often fills him with regret

The fifth President of the United States (1817-1825).

Formed in 1817, it purchased a tract of land in Liberia and returned free Blacks to Africa.

James Monroe supported the American Colonization Society's idea for abolishing slavery