Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
population
members of a single species
community
groups of populations and their interactions
ecosystem
community and abiotic factors
web of interactions
Biological Species Concept
species is a set of populations that can reproduce and create viable offspring
Phylogenetic Species Concept
species is populations that descended from a common ancestor
allele
alternate form of same gene
leads to biodiversity
evolution
shift in allele frequency in a population
bacteria speciation
species determined by similarities in 16s rRNA gene
above 97% = same species
taxidermy of organisms
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
systematics
reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships
phylogeny
hypothetical “tree”
cladistics
distinguishes ancestral and derived characteristics
ancestral
similarity from common ancestor
derived
similarity from within group
clade
species that share derived characteristics
synapomorphy
derived characteristic of clade
node
represent speciation event
sister groups
groups more related to each other
monophyletic
sharing common ancestor
polyphyletic
sharing common trait, but not common ancestor
paraphyletic
includes ancestral and some descendants, but not all
dichotomous key
taxonomy and identification
endosymbiosis
eukaryotic cells took in bacteria to create chloroplasts and mitochondria for photosynthesis and respiration
Earth created
4.6 billion years ago
1st organisms
3.5 billion years ago
oxygen from cyanobacteria
2.5 billion years ago
eukaryotes
1.5 billion years ago
Francestora - invisible creatures cause disease
1546
Leeuwenhoek discovered animalcules
1665
1st classification of bacteria
1786
Lister publishes on antiseptic surgery
1867
Koch determines cause of anthrax
1876
Pasteur makes anthrax vaccine
1881
Fleming discovers penicillin
1929
plasmid
other DNA in bacteria cell
have genes for antibiotic resistance and toxin production
thylakoid
site of photosynthesis
flagella in prokaryotes
spins
flagella in eukaryotes
flex
size of bacteria cells
1-5 microns x 1 micron
coccus
circular
Staphylococcus
example of coccus bacteria
spirochaete; spirilla
spiral shaped
Borrelia
example of spirilla shaped bacteria
causes lyme disease
rod; bacillus
rod shaped
Bacillus
example of rod shaped bacteria
Gloeocapsa
oblong
pockets of 4
mucus
Oscillatoria
made of tiny cells stuck together
Anabaena
filamentous
fuzzy, circular bacteria
Strepomyers
example of filamentous shaped bacteria
Diplococci
double coccus shaped
Neissoria
example of diplococci shaped bacteria
vibrio
comma shaped
Vibrio
example of vibrio shaped bacteria
Gram staining
developed in 1884
used to differentiate different types of bacteria using cell wall
peptidoglycan
makes up cell wall
used in gram staining
gram positive
shows purple
thicker peptinoglycan
gram negative
shows pink
thinner peptidoglycan with outer membrane
metabolism
all organisms require carbon, energy, and electrons
photoautotroph
carbon from CO2
energy from sunlight
electrons from H2O
example: cyanobacteria
chemoautotroph
carbon from CO2
energy from inorganics
electrons from inorganics
photoheterotrophs
carbon from organics
energy from sunlight
electrons from organics
chemoheterotrophs
carbon from organics
energy from organics
electrons from organics
types of photosynthesis
anoxygenic
oxygenic
photosynthesis
scattered among phylum of bacteria
Note
Flashcard