psychology memory

the persistence of learning overtime through the storage and retrieval of information

external event

sensory memory

short-term memory

long-term memory

getting information into memory

keeping information in our memory

getting information out of our memory

external and sensory memory

short term and long term memory

from long term to short term memory

unconscious encoding

consciously encoding

requires rehearsal or practice

we remember things we see

we remember things we hear

we remember things that have meaning

rehersal

visual sensory memory

lasts 10th of a second

auditory sensory memory

lasts 3-4 seconds

best way to study

opposite of cramming

most likely to remember first thing studied

short period of time after studying

most likely to remember the last thing studied

long period of time after studying

most likely to remember first and last things studied

using images or visual aid to help remember

breaking things up into groups to help remember

used mostly for lists

using letters to symbolize words making it easier to remember

using location to help remember things

using phrases or words that rhyme to remember things

using categories or chapters to help remember

7 (+-) 2 items

as long as we pay attention to something

with conscious recall

declarative

without conscious recall

non declaritive

episodes in your life

personal experiences

general knowledge

hippocampus

muscle memory

talking and writing

operant and conditioned behaviors

cerebellum

follow a traumatic brain event you can not remember any explicit memories prior to the event

cannot make new memories following a traumatic brain event

brain never put information into memory

not using a memory for a long period of time you begin to forget it

trying to remember something but it seems to be on the tip of your tongue

old memories get in the way of new memories

new memories get in the way of old memories

you can’t remember source of memory

suggesting something that could manipulate one’s memory

if you have a certain belief about someone/something, memories will be tainted by this bias

mood in memory will depict how you remember that memory

memories that seem to haunt us

a high state of suggestibility where repressed memories can come back as false or exaggerated depending on question asked

the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event

attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

all mental activities that are associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communications

mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people

organized concepts

gained from experience

best example that fits into concepts/schemas

over generalizations of examples that fit into concepts and schemas

sometimes true, leads to prejudice and bias

simple thinking strategies that allow us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

fast but can be error prone

if lost something, looking for it at last place remembering it

a step by step procedure that guarantees you will solve the problem

re-tracing steps

a sudden often times novel solution to a problem

“a-ha” moments

tendency to search for information that proves your pre-conceptions as true

inability to see a problem from anew perspective

tendency to approach a problem in a particular way. usually a way that has worked in the past

the tendency to look at things only in terms of their typical use

estimating the likelihood of something based off of how available it is in our memory

judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match out prototype or preconceptions

tendency to be more confident then correct

we cling to our initial conceptions even in the face of contradictory information

immediate, effortless, and automatic feelings and thoughts

opposite of critical thinking

comes to us naturally and needs less effort

how an issues is described to you

words or symbols and the rules for combining them meaningfully

the actual sound of language

the smallest unit of sound in a language

the structure of words

the smallest unit of meaning in a language

the set of rules that we use to drive meaning form words and sentences

the way in which words are put together to form sentences

the set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or written communitcation

the dependence of language on context and preexisting knowledge

the repetition of syllables that represents an infants first attempts at speech

the stage of language developments during which children tend to use one word at a time

the stage of language development during which tend to use two word phrases

a theoretical pathway in the brain that allows infants to process and absorb language rules

a theoretical common set of rules that apply to all languages. theory proposed by Noam Chomsky

theory proposed by Benjamin Wharf that language determines the way we think