Sociology Exam #2

behavior that violates a norm. (a norm is a rule in society.)

Is when someone rejects a label of being deviant “fat activists”

Is when people accept the label of deviant

1. Deviance is not a quality of the behavior itself, but is constructed by group definition.

2. People become deviants when they are so labeled.

3. There is even a shared meaning in how to act as a deviant.

• This is a relativistic view (meaning there is no absolute right or wrong).

• Some groups have decided that stealing is wrong. So, someone who steals might be labeled “thief.”

• People with power are more likely to create the norms. People with less power are more likely to be the object of “control” by the norms and the powerful group.

• Example: Federal & state governments are implementing public relations campaigns against obesity (Eng, 2011).Some people who are “large” feel attacked and support a “fat acceptance” campaign

• The law supports the pro-abortion position. In words of the conflict perspective, people holding to the “pro” position had (and have) more power in society --- in order to get “their way” in the courts.

1. Deviance is functional for defining what is normal.

2. Deviance is functional for re-affirming solidarity.

3. Deviance can indicate that something needs to be changed in society.

• the social hierarchy arising from the unequal distribution of rewards.

• The idea of ranking people

• Wealth is the value of all you own.

• Income is the amount of money that you make in a year.

• There is a strong association between wealth and income. (High wealth is associated with high income and vice versa.)

Layers

Classes

• Social mobility

• Plumber, own a business, employer

• A fixed social class

• No social mobility

• Closed system

Upperclass (millionaire)

Middle class (educated)

Lower class (uneducated)

• UU, upper upper class (old money)

• LU, lower upper class (new money)

• UM, upper middle class (doctor)

• LM, lower middle class (teacher)

• UL, upper lower class (plumber)

• LL, lower lower class (poverty)

• Conflict view

• We rule you

• We fool you

• We shoot you

• We eat you

• We work for you

• We feed all

• More people on the bottom

Customs and manners

Working well together

• Communism

• Equal

• 1. Owners of capital

• 2. Working class

• Best or Favoritism

• Not always the most qualified get paid the most

The movements of people in the stratification system across generations

Changes in the economic system of a country such that the class structure changes

• Idol

• Set of beliefs which explain and justify, one’s position

Recognizable category which occupies a subordinate position in social structure

Category of people who are believed to share certain physical traits and to be genetically distinct

A category that is set apart by national origin or distinctive cultural patterns

A negative attitude towards a category

Behavior the unequally treats someone based on category membership

Discrimination often unintentional by an organization

• Sex is the biological classification of male or female

• Gender is the socially constructed sex identifies based on differences which are not biological

The behaviors considered appropriate for a particular gender

• Feminism

• Society changed from agricultural to industrial then certain ideas became more plausible

Traditional

• Emphasis on order

• Sex relations duty

• Roles are rigid

• Power is ascribed

• Communication is legislation

Egalitarian

• Emphasis on equality

• Sex relations are mutual pleasure

• Roles are relativistic

• Power is shared

• Communication is a discussion

Complementarian

• Emphasis on one flesh

• Sex relations are mutual pleasure

• Roles are adaptive

• Power is ascribed

• Communication is negotiation

The ability to get your own way

• The extent to which power is recognized as valid and just

• Gain respect

• The institution that has a monopoly over the power in a territory in society

• The state is nation, abstract, symbolic, impersonal

• Government is not the same as state, actual positions of power

• Government refers to actual people and positions

Traditional

• Authority derived from beliefs and practices handed down from one generation to another (monarchy)

Rational-legal

• Authority derived from a system of explicit rules (president or mayor)

Charismatic

• Authority derived from exceptional personal qualities (MLK Gandhi)

The presumed cause in a relationship between variables

The presumed effect in a relationship between variables

The value of hard work, done to the glory of God, with prosperity as a sign of God’s blessing

A Christian denying the universal authority of the Pope and affirming the Reformation principles of justification by faith alone, the priesthood of all believers and the primacy of the Bible as the only source of revealed truth

Of or relating to the world or temporal; not overly or specifically religious

1. The protestant reformation led to modernization

• Motivated behaviors

• Hard work (glory to God)

• Calling (God’s calling)

• Making loans (save money)

• Poverty is bad (good for Christians)

• Priesthood of all believers (any person can go to God)

2. Modernization leads to the decline in religion

the belief in and worship of a superhuman power or powers, especially a God or gods.

Two areas where we measure the decline of religion: behavior and belief

• Keep falsehood + lies far from me; give me neither poverty nor riches, but give me only my daily bread.”

• If too successful, might forget God

• The subjective feeling of “not well”

• I feel ill

• The social label of not well

• He looks sick

• The objective pathology

• Medical diagnosis

• Fact

• Expected behaviors from someone who is “sick”

• Sick role to stay home from school

• Deception

• “Asa was diseased in his feet

• Did not seek the Lord but physicians”

Process by which the medical profession takes ownership of problems that were not previously considered medical problems

• Interactionist perspective

• Good nurse would bring things to remembrance to he doctor

• Bad nurse would attack the doctors memory on the call

Addiction is

• the physiological dependence on a drug

• Craving

• A need that the body reacts to

Habituation

• Psychological dependence on something

• Emotional attachment

The study of the size(how many), composition(sex + age), and distribution (where) of population in a society

• A population identified by a particular characteristic

• All people born in the years 2002-2004

A graphic representation of the age and sex composition of a population

• has a broad base, indicating a high proportion of children and possible population growth

• Afghanistan

Narrow base, indicating a decline in births

Roughly equal numbers in each age cohort, indicating slow or zero population growth

• A large cohort of babies born between 1946 to 1964

• WWII and Vietnam

• Births +

• Deaths -

• Immigration +

• Emigration -

• Keep the population

• The number of births per woman to keep a population constant, other things being equal

• Replacement baby replaces you

• 2.1 to replace each parent

doubled in modernization

Stage 1: has relatively high birth + death rates (steady)

Stage 2: dramatic drop in death rates ( + food supply)

Stage 3: choose to have fewer children, societies modernize (desirable family size)

Stage 4: birth + death rate equal again but lower

Stage 5: declining population (both rates drop)

• Saw no way out of the problem

• Pessimistic

• Population increase faster than the food supply

1. Human population has the potential to increase at a geometric (exponential) rate, doubling every 25 years

2. At best, the supply of food can only be expanded at an arithmetic rate, cannot double

3. Therefore, population will increase faster than the food supply

• Jeremiah writing to God’s people exiled from Jerusalem to Babylon

• God commanded them to build houses, settle, plant, get married, have children, increase and do not decrease, seek peace and prosperity, pray to the Lord, don’t be deceived

• Who was wolf and why was he shocked?

• A physician who studied digestion

• Taught at University of Oklahoma

• Patients from Rosette under the age of 65

• rare to have heart disease

• Leading cause of death in 1950’s

Functionalist

Conflict

Interactionist

(especially in Marxist theory) a way of thinking that prevents a person from perceiving the true nature of their social or economic situation.

But you have dishonored the poor. Is it not the rich who are exploiting you? Are they not the ones who are dragging you into court?

a possession that is taken to indicate a person's wealth or high social or professional status.

social ranking, where men typically inhabit higher status than women

a phase of capitalism where mass production of standardized goods, and the forms of labour associated with it, have been replaced by flexibility: new forms of production – 'lean production', the 'team concept', 'just-in-time' production, diversification of commodities for niche

And of the children of Issachar, which were men that had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do; the heads of them were two hundred; and all their brethren were at their commandment.

authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, or practice.

immigration