AP Comparative Government and Politics Ultimate Guide

Information gathered through observation, experimentation, or other forms of data collection.

Data that represents typical or average performance or behavior within a specific population.

The use of mathematical and statistical methods to analyze numerical data.

The use of non-numerical data such as interviews, observations, and surveys to analyze and interpret patterns and themes.

A statistical measure that indicates the degree to which two variables are related to each other.

A relationship between two variables in which an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable.

A relationship between two variables in which an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other variable.

A relationship between two variables in which one variable directly influences or causes a change in the other variable.

A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

A measure of income inequality within a population, ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).

The total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given time period.

An organization that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom, and human rights.

An organization that monitors and publicizes corporate and political corruption in international development.

An annual ranking of countries based on their vulnerability to conflict and instability, as well as their capacity to provide basic services and maintain the rule of law.

This country has a parliamentary system of government with a constitutional monarchy.

This country has a federal semi-presidential republic system of government.

This country has an Islamic republic system of government.

This country has a federal presidential representative democratic republic system of government.

This country has a single-party socialist republic system of government.

This country has a federal presidential representative democratic republic system of government.

These are professionals who study political systems, behavior, and institutions.

Political scientists use this to gather information about public opinion, voting behavior, and other political attitudes and behaviors.

They may conduct this with politicians, government officials, or other experts in the field.

This method involves analyzing a single case in depth to gain insights into broader political trends.

Political scientists use these to analyze large amounts of data.

The study of political ideas and concepts.

The study of different political systems and institutions around the world.

The study of the relationships between different countries and the ways in which they interact with each other.

The study of how governments make decisions and implement policies.

Refers to the set of institutions, laws, and procedures that are used to govern a country or a group of people.

A political entity that has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the ability to enter into relations with other states.

Refers to the set of rules, institutions, and practices that govern a country or a political system.

Refers to the group of people who are responsible for making and enforcing laws and policies in a country or a political system. It includes the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Refers to a group of people who share a common culture, language, history, or identity.

It is a system of government in which power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.

It is a system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a small group of individuals.

These are regimes in which power is held by a hereditary monarch or royal family.

These are regimes in which power is held by a group of military officers who have seized control of the government.

These are regimes in which power is held by a single political party that controls all aspects of government.

These are regimes in which power is held by a single individual who dominates the political system.

These are regimes in which power is held by religious leaders or institutions.

These are regimes that combine elements of authoritarianism and democracy.

A form of democracy in which citizens directly participate in the decision-making process.

A form of democracy in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

A form of democracy in which the president is both the head of state and the head of government.

A form of democracy in which the parliament is the primary decision-making body.

A form of democracy in which the president and prime minister share power.

A form of democracy in which decisions are made through consensus rather than majority vote.

A form of democracy that combines elements of different types of democratic regimes.

The process of transitioning a government from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one.

Refer to the periods in history when there is a significant increase in the number of countries that transition to democracy.

This wave occurred in the 19th century and early 20th century. It was characterized by the establishment of democratic regimes in Europe and North America.

It was characterized by the establishment of democratic regimes in Western Europe and Japan.

It was characterized by the establishment of democratic regimes in Southern Europe, Latin America, and parts of Asia and Africa.

A set of fundamental principles and rules that govern a country or organization.

A system of beliefs and practices concerning the nature of the divine and the purpose of human existence.

Organized groups of armed individuals who are trained to defend a country or organization.

A governing body responsible for making laws and policies.

The level of public approval or endorsement for a particular political leader, party, or policy.

A type of government where power is divided between a central government and smaller regional governments.

A type of government where power is centralized in a single national government.

The acceptance of the authority of a government or governing body by the people it governs.

Based on the belief that the government has the right to rule because it has always done so.

Based on the personal qualities of a leader, such as their charisma, vision, or ability to inspire.

Based on the belief that the government has the right to rule because it was established through a legal process, such as a constitution or election.

It is the belief of the people that the government has the right to rule.

The ability of a government to maintain its power and control over a country without facing any significant internal or external threats.

A system of government where the executive branch is accountable to the legislative branch.

A form of government in which a single person, the president, is the head of state and head of government.

Type of government where there is a president and a prime minister who share power.

These are a set of cognitive processes that are responsible for planning, decision-making, and goal-directed behavior.

This component is responsible for holding and manipulating information in the short-term memory.

This component is responsible for suppressing irrelevant information and inhibiting impulsive responses.

This component is responsible for adapting to changing situations and switching between different tasks.

This component is responsible for setting goals, planning actions, and monitoring progress towards achieving those goals.

The maximum number of terms or years that an individual can serve as the head of state or government in a country.

These systems vary across different countries and are influenced by factors such as history, culture, and political ideologies.

This is a legislative system in which there is only one chamber or house of parliament.

This is a legislative system in which there are two chambers or houses of parliament.

This is a legislative system in which power is shared between the central government and the states or provinces.

This is a legislative system in which power is centralized in the central government.

The lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, consisting of elected Members of Parliament (MPs) who represent constituencies across the country.

The upper chamber of the UK Parliament, consisting of appointed and hereditary members who review and revise proposed laws before they are passed?

The lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, responsible for passing laws and approving the budget.

It has the power to approve federal laws and presidential decrees.

Has the power to approve laws, supervise government activities, and elect the Supreme Leader.

A powerful body in Iran made up of 12 members who oversee elections, approve laws and candidates for office. They also have the power to veto laws passed by the parliament.

Mexico's Senate, with 128 senators serving six-year terms, is responsible for lawmaking, budget approval, and international treaty ratification. It operates through committees to review legislation before voting and is part of the bicameral Congress of the Union, alongside the Chamber of Deputies.

It is usually the lower house and responsible for passing laws and representing the people.

The highest organ of state power in China, responsible for enacting laws, amending the constitution, and electing key officials.

The highest executive body in China. It is responsible for formulating and implementing policies and laws, as well as managing the economy and social affairs.

It is a legislative body that is free from external influence and control, particularly from the executive branch of government.

The highest court in the judicial system.

Also known as the Court of Appeals, it hears appeals from lower courts.

Also known as the Trial Court, it is the court of first instance.

Deals with cases related to federal laws, the constitution, and disputes between states.

Deals with cases related to state laws, including criminal and civil cases.

Deals with minor offenses, traffic violations, and small claims.

Deals with cases related to family law, including divorce, child custody, and adoption.

Deals with cases related to bankruptcy and insolvency.