TFN - WA GINDISCUSS

Born on July 13, 1925, Sutton, Nebraska, United States and died on August 10, 2012, Omaha, Nebraska, United States.

She obtained her basic nursing education at St. Anthony School of Nursing, Denver, Colorado and graduated in 1948.

Merited her Bachelor of Science degree from Benedictine College, Atchison, Kansas

She obtained her degree of Master of Science in Anthropology from the University of Washington, Seattle in 1953.

was a nursing theorist and a nursing professor.

the creator of Transcultural Subfield of Nursing and the culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality

was developed because people of each culture can not only know and define the way in which they see their nursing care world but also compare it to general health beliefs and practices.

recognized because of the nursing care aspect.

from cultural aspects

3 Types of Nursing Actions

are universally caring beings who survive in a diversity of cultures through their ability to provide the universality of care in a variety of ways that depend on the culture.

Components of Health

centers on a group within society, characterized by patterning of actions, thoughts, and decisions based on learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways within an identifiable setting or environment.

The totality of an event situation and experience.

Leininger first showed her presentation of the theory in

can be seen in the actions, words, rules, symbols, and behavior patterns of people and is learned and then handed down from generation to generation.

This refers to the differences or variations that can be found both between and among different cultures.

refers to the commonalities or similarities that exist in different cultures.

becomes more crucial for all nurses nationwide.

some nurses understand culture shock, conflict, and clashes as they move from one place to another.

provided transcultural nurses with research and theoretical perspectives on 100 cultures nationwide.

There is a superior demand for holistic and transcultural people who are trained to safeguard quality-based care because of the sensitive public awareness of Health care costs, Culture, Human rights

In 1970s, there is a superior demand for holistic and transcultural people who are trained to safeguard quality-based care because of the sensitive public awareness of

Providing health care in spiritual.

You will be called if there's a conflict or nurses find it difficult to understand what culture is all about; they will need your specialization.

research technique to examine the theory in nursing focus proposed to culture care

Born on October 10, 1933 in Memphis, Tennessee

Designed the Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness

Earned a bachelor’s degree in home economics and English from Baylor University in Waco, Texas

A second bachelor’s degree in nursing from the University of Tennessee in Memphis

Master’s degree in medical-surgical nursing and teaching from the University of California, San Francisco

Doctor of Philosophy in nursing science and rehabilitation nursing from the New York University in 1971

are the attitudes and actions behind the patient’s practices; the purpose why they are doing it

Nurses are seen as facilitators in helping an individual, family, or community to focus on patterns of relating pattern recognition, considered the

fusion of disease and non-disease

a transformative process to more inclusive consciousness”

is awareness within oneself

being the larger whole, which contains the consciousness of the individual

viewed as a unitary evolving pattern

Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness was officially published in

Newman’s theory arose from

the symptoms that we see in a person

the “pattern of the whole” of a person and includes disease as a manifestation of the pattern of the whole, based on the premise that life is an ongoing process of expanding consciousness

information that depicts the whole and understanding of the meaning of all of the relationships at once

both the informational capacity of the system and the ability of the system to interact with its environment

means whereby space and time become a reality

Born on October 16, 1933, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Received a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Duquesne University in 1955.

Earned a Master of Science in Nursing from the University of Pittsburgh in 1966.

Completed her Doctor of Education (EdD) in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of Pittsburgh in 1973.

Held various academic positions, including faculty roles at Duquesne University and the University of Pittsburgh. (1983-1993)

Parse first published her theory “Man-Living-Health” Theory in

Parse changed the name of her theory to the “Humanbecoming Theory” in

Established the "Nursing Science Quarterly" journal to promote nursing theory and research,

President of Discovery International, Inc.

Published nine books and more than 100 articles and editorials about the nursing field.

Received the New York Times Nurse Educator of the Year Award in 2008.

Guides the practice of nurses to focus on quality of life as it is described and lived.

Presents an alternative to both the conventional biomedical approach as well as the bio-psycho-social-spiritual theories.

Focuses on quality of life based from each person's own perspective as the goal of the nursing practice.

Provides a transformative approach to all levels of nursing.

this model gives the nurse the ability to see the client's perspective.

states that man is a combination of biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual factors.

states that man is a unitary being in continuous, mutual interaction with the environment.

Humanbecoming is freely choosing personal meaning in different situations and priorities in life. Man's reality is given meaning through lived experiences.

the process of choosing and embracing what is important.

the creation of one's own reality and one's reality reflects who one is as a unitary person.

the ways people express themselves to the world; it may be verbally, written or in their actions.

Humanbecoming is co-creating rhythmical patterns of relating in mutual process with the universe.

the process humans use to show and/or hide personal evolution or becoming

are opportunities or restrictions that occur daily. It is making choices and living with the consequences of our actions

are the patterns of connecting and separating with people, things and places.

Humanbecoming is co-transcending multi-dimensionally with emerging possibilities. It refers to reaching out and beyond the limits a person sets, and that one constantly transforms.

the pushing-resisting process that propels people in life through difficult times.

human uniqueness and the ways people create their own becoming as they choose from all possibilities that could be.

integrating unfamiliar ideas or activities into one's life. This is changing for the better and becoming a new entity.

“The indivisible unbounded knowing extended infinity, the all-at-once remembering and prospecting with the moment”.

Refers to our knowledge on the subject or situation that we apply in the moment.

“An intricate rhythm expressed as a pattern preference”.

are not “opposites to be reconciled or dilemmas to be overcome, but rather, lived rhythms.

“Contextually construed liberation”. People are free to continuously choose ways of being with their situations.

“The unexplainable, that which cannot be completely known”

Three Abiding Themes

Four Postulates

believes that the human being, the environment, and health are closely linked, making it difficult to characterize the three concepts individually.

human science and art that uses an abstract body of knowledge to help people.

an open being who is more than and different from the sum of the parts.

The open process of being and becoming, and involves the synthesis of values.

Refers to everything in the person and his or her experiences.

is inseparable from the person, as well as complementary to and evolving with the person.

Born on August 16, 1941, in Lansing, Michigan

Received her nursing diploma in 1962, from School of Nursing at West Suburban Hospital in Oak Park, Illinois

Began working on a medical-surgical unit and subsequently in a pediatric unit in Michigan Hospital.

Pender completed her baccalaureate degree in nursing at Michigan State University

Earned a master's degree in human growth and development at Michigan State University in 1965

Completed her doctorate in psychology and education in 1969 at Northwestern University

Pender published "A conceptual model for preventive health behavior"

served as a framework for research aimed at predicting overall health-promoting lifestyles and specific behavior such as exercise and use of hearing protection

was formulated through induction by use of existing research to form a pattern of knowledge about health behavior.

formulated with the goal of integrating what is known about health-promoting behavior to generate questions for further testing