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-Sodium bicarbonate
-Calcium
-Aluminum
-Magnesium
What are antacids? S.C.A.M
basic compounds that neutralizes the stomach acids
What do antacids do?
Kidney stones & Increased gastric acid secretion
What could calcium containing anatacids lead to?
Avoided in pts w/ renal failure (magnesium), It can cause kidney stones (calcium). Builds in system that create a toxic level.
What pt should avoid calcium and magnesium containing antacids? why?
Acute relief of symptoms associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastric hyperactivity, and heartburn.
Indications for antacids?
has a laxative effect that commonly causes diarrhea: usually used w/ other drugs to counteract this effect. (Danger when its given in pts w/ renal failure.)
Whats an adverse effect from magnesium containing antacids?
Both have constipating effects
What is an adverse effect from aluminun and calcium containing antacids?
can result in constipation or impaction.
Why is long-term use of antacids not recommended?
1 to 2 hours before and after other medication
how to take antacids
-They reduce acid secretion
-Blocks the h2 receptor of acid producing parietal cells
-Reduces hydrogen ion in secretion from the parietal cells
-Relive symptoms of hyperacidity-related conditions
What are H2 antagonists and how do they work?
-GERD
-Peptic ulcer disease
-Erosive esophagitis
-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
-Adjunct theraphy to control upper GI bleeding
Diseases may indicate usage of h2 antagonists
-CNS effects in elderly pt includes confusion & disorientation.
Adverse effects happen w/ H2 antagonists?
30-60 mininutes before meals
When should H2 anatagonists be administered?
NSAIDs & smoking ( both decrease the effectiveness of H2 blockers.)
What should be avoided when taking H2 antagonists and why?
erectile dysfunction & gynecomastia. Its used to treat certain allergic reastions.
Cimetidine causes and what is it still used for today?
Rantidine Hydrochloride (Zantac)
Most widely used H2 antagonists
-Cimetidine
-Famotidine
(Ranitidine Hydrochloride)
2 examples of H2 antagonists? what do the drugs end w?
Erosive esophagitis, GERD, H. Pylori, and Stress Ulcers, etc...
What is PPI (proton pump inhibitors) used for?
GI tract infections (C. diff), Osteoporosis risk of fractures, Pneumonia, and Depletion of magnesium.
Adverse effects of PPI’s
Bacterium found in gastrointestinal tract of 90% of pts w/ duodenal ulcers and 70% of those w/ gastric ulcers.
What’s Helicobacter Pylori?
Triple theraphy (7-14 day course) with PPI and antibiotics.
What is the treatment for H. Pylori?
C. Diff and Osteoporosis
What might develop with long-term use of PPI’s
30-60 min before meals
When should Omeprazole (Losec) be administered?
To treat H. Pylori. Can be crushed to be mixed in food or apple sauce and tube feed.
Usage of Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
-Its a cytoprotective drug
-binds to postively changed tissue proteins at the bases of ulcers and erosions
-forms a protective barrier known as a liquid bandage. (cant use it with other drugs!)
What is sucralfate?
stress, peptic ulcer & curling ulcers (given 1h before meals/bedtime)
What is sulcralfate used for?
Reducing the incidence of gastric ulcers in pts taking NSAIDs
misoprosol is used for?
Headache, GI distress, and vaginal bleeding.
Adverse effects of misoprosol
Pts with known drug allergy, pregnant women, or women that is trying to get pregnant
Whos misoprostol contraindicated in and why?
Reducing the discomfort of gastric or intestinal gas (Anti-flatulence drug)
What is simethicone used for?
Note
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