Period 1: The Renaissance to the Wars of Religion (1450–1648)

Important Links

During (1450-1648) there a variety of concepts that served as the backbone fo the Renaissance
- Humanism: During the Renaissance, ideologies for humanity became more prevalent within society and shifted the focus away from religion. Questioning the authority of the church this allowed people to explore different avenues of growth that paved the way for Refromation which solidified the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
- New Monarchies: A new more of monarchy emerged within Western Europe in the late fifteenth century which was led by the idea of state-building that created the foundation for morden countries like England, Spain and France
- Mercantilism: In this era, the economy took a major turn where merchants advocated for more exports and less imports to protect the wealth of those within the country.

The Italian City States during the Renaissance were located during the heart of Europe’s economic, political and cultural life during the 14th to 15th centuries.
The Holy Roman Empire was in control of Northern Italy during the Middle Ages.

Francesco Petrarch (1304 – 1374) was considered the considered the founder of humanism which puts emphasis on the reason, experience and evidence rather than faith to provide the most value of human welfare.

During this time individualism became prominent and Renaissance artists have significant individuals in their own right:
- To become well-known and wealthy, these artists competed for the patronage of nonreligious people.
- These wealthy people preferred art that showcased their accomplishments over medieval art's spiritual message.
- These patrons demanded a more naturalistic style, and the invention of fresh artistic techniques helped to fulfill their demands.

During the late 15th century, Italian Renaissance humanism began to affect the rest of Europe.
- Northerners were still trying to deepen their Christian faith and show their humanism.
- Northern Renaissance: A more religious movement than the Italian Renaissance.
- Christian Humanists: These are northern writers who criticized their mother church.
The Printing press was invented during this time. It was considered one of the most culturally significant inventions of all time as it allowed the material to be created quickly and on large scales helping spread the Reformation.

This movement caused a significant split in Western Christendom, displacing the pope as Europe's sole religious authority.
During that time, the Chruch faced many problems on the Eve of the Reformation, such as the Black Death and Anticlericalism.

Italian Renaissance writers — focused on secular concerns.

Northern Europe Renaissance writers — focused on religious concerns.

During (1450-1648) there a variety of concepts that served as the backbone fo the Renaissance
- Humanism: During the Renaissance, ideologies for humanity became more prevalent within society and shifted the focus away from religion. Questioning the authority of the church this allowed people to explore different avenues of growth that paved the way for Refromation which solidified the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
- New Monarchies: A new more of monarchy emerged within Western Europe in the late fifteenth century which was led by the idea of state-building that created the foundation for morden countries like England, Spain and France
- Mercantilism: In this era, the economy took a major turn where merchants advocated for more exports and less imports to protect the wealth of those within the country.

The Italian City States during the Renaissance were located during the heart of Europe’s economic, political and cultural life during the 14th to 15th centuries.
The Holy Roman Empire was in control of Northern Italy during the Middle Ages.

Francesco Petrarch (1304 – 1374) was considered the considered the founder of humanism which puts emphasis on the reason, experience and evidence rather than faith to provide the most value of human welfare.

During this time individualism became prominent and Renaissance artists have significant individuals in their own right:
- To become well-known and wealthy, these artists competed for the patronage of nonreligious people.
- These wealthy people preferred art that showcased their accomplishments over medieval art's spiritual message.
- These patrons demanded a more naturalistic style, and the invention of fresh artistic techniques helped to fulfill their demands.

During the late 15th century, Italian Renaissance humanism began to affect the rest of Europe.
- Northerners were still trying to deepen their Christian faith and show their humanism.
- Northern Renaissance: A more religious movement than the Italian Renaissance.
- Christian Humanists: These are northern writers who criticized their mother church.
The Printing press was invented during this time. It was considered one of the most culturally significant inventions of all time as it allowed the material to be created quickly and on large scales helping spread the Reformation.

This movement caused a significant split in Western Christendom, displacing the pope as Europe's sole religious authority.
During that time, the Chruch faced many problems on the Eve of the Reformation, such as the Black Death and Anticlericalism.

Italian Renaissance writers — focused on secular concerns.

Northern Europe Renaissance writers — focused on religious concerns.