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Test Review: Andrew Jackson, Social Changes
1. Free Soil- an anti-slavery party that endorsed the Wilmot Proviso’s declaration that slavery would not be allowed in any territories acquired from Mexico.
2. Nat Turner- led a bloody slave rebellion in Hampton VA. Went from plantation to plantation collecting slaves for his slave army and killing all white ppl he saw. He got #hung
3. Harriet Tubman- Escaped slave who was a conductor on the Underground Railroad and brought thousands of slaves to freedom.
4. Kansas-Nebraska Act- Kansas and Nebraska both got to decide whether or not they were going to be slave or free states. An example of popular sovereignty bc people get to choose the fate of their state.
5. Bleeding Kansas- A time of conflict in Kansas as it was divided between pro-slavery and abolitionists. Violent with a lot of bloodshed and guerilla warfare.
6. Missouri Compromise- In 1819, the Legislature was balanced (11 slave states and 11 free states). Missouri becoming a state would upset this balance so legislation made Missouri a slave state and Maine a non-slave state. This compromise also prohibited all new states from the Louisiana Purchase from becoming slave states.
7. Compromise of 1850- Cali was brought into the USA as a free state, and Congress divided the rest of the land acquired from Mexico to be divided in the N. Mexico and Utah.
8. Fugitive Slave Act- authorized local governments to seize and return runaway slaves to their owners and imposed penalties on anyone who helped them escape
9. Underground Railroad- vast network of people/places that helped slaves escape and travel North where they’re free
10. Dredd/Scott case- sued for freedom bc legislation said anyone could sue for wrongful enslavement and if a slave was brought to a free state they became free but was denied; enraged and rallied abolitionists
11. Lowell Mill- combined factory and town; originally women worked there -> pushed out by immigrant workers
12. Steamboat- invented by Fulton; improved trade (provided ports with greater access to goods)
13. Telegraph-invented by Samuel Morse (Morse Code); allowed for ideas to be spread easier
14. Cotton Gin- invented by Eli Whitney; unintended side effect=increased demand for slavery
15. Reaper
16. Immigration (Know Nothing Party)
17. Cult of Domesticity
18. 2nd Great Awakening
19. Seneca Falls
20. Temperance (Carrie Nation)
21. Frederick Douglass
22. Life of slaves on a plantation- Slaves were treated like animals, forced to do hard work and be watched by an overseer, were forced to stay until they died
23. Trail of Tears- Jackson’s policy forced Native Americans to leave their lands (in Georgia) to move west. The path was disease-ridden and many died on the way (to Oklahoma)
24. Indian Removal Act- A racist act made by President Jackson, forced Natives to go on the trail of tears because they wanted their land
25. Nullification crisis- Nullification: any state could nullify federal laws. Caused by the Tariff of 1828, Calhoun wanted to nullify the tariff (in SC), but this caused President Jackson to create a Force Bill (he could stop Calhoun by using troops)
26. Jackson and the Bank: Panic of 1837- Caused by refusal extension of loans, failure of wheat crop, depression in england, Jackson not extending the charter of the 2nd nat. bank. State banks closed, jobless workforce, wage cut.
27. Jackson and the Veto- Jackson vetoed more bills than any other president before him,
28. Tariff of 1828
29. Sectionalism
30. Republican Party
31. Brooks-Sumner Fight (video on the powerpoint)
32. Wilmot-Proviso
33. Erie Canal
34. Factories
Lincoln-Douglass Debate
35. Crittenden Plan
36. Harpers Ferry (John Brown’s Raid)
Chart on Changes in America
Person | Who are they? What did they do? |
Dorothea Dix | Reformed prisons and asylums, created new hospitals for the mentally ill separate from criminals |
Carrie Nation | Temperance leader, destroyed bars with hatchet, formed Women’s Christian Temperance Union (=wanted prohibition to stop domestic violence) |
Sojourner Truth | A former slave ran away and a family buys her freedom, moves to NY, and gives speeches on the evils of slavery (famous speech = ”Ain’t I a Woman”) |
Lucretia Mott | Quaker helped form the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society, an early women’s rights founder, wrote “Discourse on Women” |
Lucy Stone | Suffragette, college degree, founder of the American Woman Suffrage Association |
Amelia Bloomer | Suffragette, bloomers (=women’s flowy pants) named after her, edited 1st newspaper for women |
Susan B. Anthony | Suffragette, worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Seneca Falls Convention, women’s rights |
Harriet Tubman | Conductor in Underground Railroad escaped slave, helped slaves reach freedom in North or Canada |
Samuel Slater | Built 1st factories in the US, cotton mills, American Industrial Revolution, water-powered cotton mill |
William Lloyd Garrison | American Anti-Slavery Society, called for the immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation for slave owners |
Eli Whitney | Cotton gin (=picks seeds out of cotton so people start growing more cotton) increases slavery |
John C. Calhoun | Pro-slavery, nullification, states’ rights |
Henry Clay | Compromise of 1850, senator and representative, “Great Compromiser”, the enemy of Andrew Jackson |