Continuities from 1200-1750

Central vs Local Authorities

→ Japan (Daimyos vs Shogun)

→ Russia (Boyars vs Tsars)

→ Medieval Europe (Lords vs Kings)

Religion to Justify Rule

→ Mandate of Heaven (China)

→ Divine Right of Kings (Medieval Europe)

→Caliphs (Islam)

→ Peter the Great (Russia)

Taxation Systems

→Tribute (Aztecs, Chinese)

→ Mi´ta (Inca)

→ Devshrime (Ottomans)

→ Tax farming (Mughals, Ottomans)

Use of Force for Territorial Expansion

→ ¨Gunpowder Empires¨

→ Janissaries

→ Oprichniki