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Copy of hum study guide chapter 5/phase 4
Hum study guide chapter 5/phase 4
The struggle for Acadia Cause and Effect
Causestrategic positionTreaty of Utrecht which gave Britain control of AcadiaPowerMi'kmaq start a war with British | EffectThe Great Deportation |
|---|
The Fur Trade Phases 1-4
Phase | Name | Dates | Characterized by… |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | The Early Fur Trade | 1500-1603 | Cod fishery Mi’kmaq started trading with Europeans |
2 | Expansion Inland | 1603-1670 | Colony of New France and Acadia were foundFrance dominated the Fur Trade |
3 | Rival Networks | 1670-1760 | Britain found the Hudson’s Bay CompanyFrench and British rivalryMetis culture began |
4 | The Drive West | 1760-1821 | Metis began distinct culture at Red RiverTrade in pemican beganNorthwest Company beganNew France became a British colonyMissionaries went west |
Who are the Metis?
Metis/Metis nation - a culture/group of people that have Europeans-French and Scottish-fathers and First Nation mother
Red River/Red River Colony - the area the Metis lived and developed their distinct culture
Red River cart - one of the best known symbols of the Metis culture, used to carry belongings, or meat and hide back to Red River
The Metis children up speaking two languages, so they were often interpreters for the European and First Nations
They helped in the pemmican trade
Pemmican is a snack that voyagers, traders and freighters used because it traveled well
Pemmican is made of buffalo meat, fat and saskatoon berries
Timeline of the Seven Year War
Date | Event |
|---|---|
1754 | Britain and France fought to control the Ohio Valley |
1756 - War officially started | The war went overseas (global)Britain wanted worldwide domination of the sea - they wanted to destroy French Navy |
1760 | Britain got control of QuebecBy the Caribbean - Guadeloupe (French colony) was captured |
1763 | France signed the Treaty of Paris with the BritishLost all colonies in North America except for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and got to keep Guadeloupe |
Treaties
Treaty of Utrecht - gave Britain control of Acadia
Treaty of Paris - France gave up all it’s claims in North America except for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and Guadeloupe
The Great Deportation
1713 - Britain got control of Acadia
1730 - Britain made the Acadians swear an oath of neutrality, which stated that they had to remain neutral in the fighting against the French
1755 - British wanted Acadains to make a new oath, which stated the they had to fight for the British
The Acadians did not make this oath so they were deported
1755-1763 more than 11 thousand Acadians were deported
Who - British, Acadians, Mi’kmaq who intermarried with the Acadians
What - more than 11 thousand Acadians were deported
Where - Acadia renamed by Nova Scotia, most Acadians were sent to England, Thirteen Colonies, New France and France
When - 1755-1763, during the 7 year war
Why - the Acadians did not make the oath of allegiance, the British did not want the Acadians to fight with the French during the 7 year war
Seven Year War
Great deportation, the battle of the plains of Abraham, and the Treaty of Paris happen during the Seven Year War
Who - Britain (British), France (French), First Nations allies, Canadiens
What - Britain and France fought for control of the Ohio Valley and eventually for control of the continent
When - 1755-1763, started with Ohio Valley and ended when the Treaty of Paris was signed
Where - Ohio Valley, Quebec, Plains of Abraham, all across North America
Why - for control of North America
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
Who - British forces led by General James Wolfe, French and Canadiens led by Marquis de Montclam
What - Britain captured Quebec, both General Wolfe and Montclam died in the battle
Where - Plains of Abraham, just southwest of Quebec
When - Friday September 14 1759, only lasted an hour, June 23 General Wolfe began his siege on Quebec
“Good-bye New France”
Who - French, Britain, Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial - last governor of New France - when to prison after surrendering New France
What - Vaudreuil surrender New France
Where - New France, by St. Lawrence River
When - Vaudreuil surrender to the British in 1760
Why - Vaudreuil saw fighting as pointless and felt that France could not win
Pontiac and Minweweh
Pontiac, a leader of the Odawa First Nations group
Minweweh, an Anishinabe leader, and an ally of Pontiac
Organized an alliance of First Nations to fight and rebel against the British
Pontiac signed a treaty with the British, that stated that they acknowledge that they did not have right to First Nations land
Britain gave First Nations smallpox infected blankets
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Same year as the Treaty of Paris
Who - Britain, Canadiens, First Nations
What - wanted to establish peace across North America
Wanted to assimilate Canadiens
Did this by making a British-style government, no Catholics in government, removing French civil laws, and encouraging people for the Thirteen Colonies to move to Quebec
Make peace with the First Nations
Establish a “proclamation line”, which separated the Thirteen Colonies from First Nation territory
Where - North America, Quebec, by the St. Lawrence River, First Nations Territory-Ohio Valley
When - 1763, after the Treaty was signed,
After Pontiac organized the First Nations
Quebec Act of 1774
Who - British and the Canadiens
What - removed everything that the Royal Proclamation did
Ensured that French language and Canadien culture remained
Allowed Canadiens to practice Catholic religion, reinstated French laws
Extended Quebec past “proclamation line” - without asking the First Nation
Where - Quebec, First Nations Territory
When - 1774
Why - to prevent Quebec from rebelling
The Canadiens did not give up their culture - not “becoming British”
Were fighting the Mi’kmaq and Thirteen Colonies
Historical event that happened for the Quebec Act to happen: Royal Proclamation, Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Great Deportation, Fur Trade
It is important today because it gave Canada two languages, and gave back French civil laws that are still used today