Measurement One of the reasons why there is a need to measure a particular object or structure is to help determine the amount or the materials needed for a Certain piece of work. Full-steel tape - It is a measuring device made of steel fixed in a reeled housing. It retracts automatically by a spring. Folding wooden rule - It measures 2 to 3 feet long and has joints that can be folded to fit in the pocket. It has graduations in inches and fractions of an inch. Brick mason's line - It is used for marking brick courses or horizontal rows of bricks. Chalk line - It is used as a marking tool for drawing a straight line. Wooden block - It serves as a guide for all of the bricks in a given work area. Framing square - It is used to check the accuracy of the corners of two perpendicular surfaces. Measuring box - It is a box used to measure the amount of mortar of gravel and sand. Plumb bob - It is used to check the correct alignment of a structure vertically. Level hose with water - It is used to check the correct alignment of a structure horizontally. Self-leveling laser It is used to set up foundations and to retain walls and patios. Board or plywood used as scaffolds and folds and supports concrete Concrete hollow blocks (CHB) - with standard size of 16 inches long and 8 inches wide; used as substitute for bricks in masonry Reinforcing steel bars (kabilya) - used to strengthen concrete structures. Cement a chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, and other ingredients, such as limestone, shells, and chalk made of silica or iron ore. Area Square units denoted by a superscript number 2, is the unit of measurement used to express the space covered of a two-dimensional object. Volume refers to the space covered of a three-dimensional object in an enclosed area. Shapes are found in all architectural designs. Polygons and Solid Figures Many of these shapes are two-dimensional plane figures. Plane figures are made up of three or more closed line segments or polygons. Polygons are classified according to the number of sides that they have. Solid figures have three dimensions and curved surfaces and can roll. Hand tools It means that these tools are used manually. Guards are provided to protect the operator and others from hazardous materials while using these tools. Scaffolds must be used when working on higher or elevated grounds to ensure a safer and more efficient workplace.