Constitutional Clauses to know:

Article I

·  Three-Fifths Clause (slaves count as 3/5 of a citizen for purposes of representation in the House and “direct taxation” of the states

·  Speech and Debate Clause (members of Congress “…shall be privileged from arrest…”)

·  Origination Clause (revenue bills originate in the House)

·  Commerce Clause (Congress has expressed power to “regulate commerce between states and foreign powers”)

·  Presentment Clause (bills that pass the House and Senate are to be presented to the President for his signature)

·  General Welfare Clause (Congress has the power to provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States)

·  Necessary and Proper Clause (aka Elastice Clause) (power to make all laws that shall be thought to be necessary and proper)

·  Contracts Clause (States may not pass any law that impairs the obligation of any contract)

Article II

·  Natural Born Citizen Clause (must be natural born citizen to be president)

·  Appointments Clause (aka “advise and consent” clause) (president may appoint, with advice and consent the Senate…)

·  Take Care Clause (aka “faithfully execute” clause) (the President shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed)

Article III

·  Exceptions Clause (Paragraph 2, clause 2) (…with such exceptions…as Congress shall make)

Article IV

·  Full Faith and Credit Clause (…shall be given in each state…)

·  Privileges and Immunities Clause (aka “comity” clause) (…citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states)

·  Extradition Clause (process whereupon a fugitive from justice in one state is returned to it from another state)

·  Guarantee Clause ( every state shall have a republican form of government…)

Article VI

·  Supremacy Clause (aka “preemption” clause) (The Constitution is the supreme law of the land)

·  Oath or Affirmation Clause (Members of Congress, officers of Executive and Judicial Branches must take oath to support the Constitution)

The Amendments

         First:

·  Establishment Clause

·  Free Exercise Clause

·  Free Speech Clause

·  Freedom of the Press Clause

·  Assembly Clause

·  Petition Clause

         Second:

·  Right to bear arms Clause

         Fourth:

·  Search and Seizure Clause

         Fifth:

·  Double Jeopardy Clause

·  Due Process Clause

·  Self-Incrimination Clause

·  Just Compensation Clause (aka “Eminent Domain” clause)

         Sixth:

·  Compulsory Process Clause (in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have the right

o   to a trial by jury

o   to be told what the alleged crime is

o   to be confronted with the witnesses against him/her

o   to have compulsory process for subpoena witnesses

o   to have access to a lawyer

         Eighth:

·  Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause

         Ninth:

·  Other Rights Clause

         Tenth:

·  Reserved Powers Clause

         Fourteenth: (Selective Incorporation)

·  Due Process Clause (no STATE shall deny…)

·  Equal Protection Clause (no STATE shall deny…)

·  Citizen Clause (defines citizenship)

VOTING AMENDMENTS

         15^TH (race)

         17^TH (direct election of senators)

         19^TH (gender)

         23^RD (DC electors)

         24^TH (poll tax)

         26^TH (age)

PRESIDENCY AMENDMENTS

         12^TH (Electoral College)

         20^TH (term; succession)

         22^ND (term limits)

         25^TH (disability)