CIRCULATORY NETWORK

• The "fluid" that travels through the body at the quickest rate is the blood.

• Plasma, one of its liquid components, is constantly engaged in fluid exchange with a variety of different bodily systems and structures.

• It has been estimated that the human body contains approximately 40 liters, or 70 pints, of water, with water constituting the majority of most bodily components.

• The percentage of water found in tissues ranges from 70–80 percent, while the percentage of water found in blood plasma is greater than 90 percent, bones contain almost 25 percent, and fat contains 10–15 percent.

TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF FLUIDS

• The intracellular and the extracellular fluids are the two primary classifications of bodily fluids.

• Inside of cells is what's known as intracellular fluid, which is sometimes referred to as cytoplasm.

• Everything else that makes up fluid in the body is made up of extracellular fluid.

• Interstitial fluid, which is found in the spaces between cells and tissues; blood plasma and lymph; the fluids that are found in bones, joints, and dense connective tissue; and transcellular fluid, which is comprised of saliva, mucus, sweat, and urine.

• These are the subcategories that make up this fluid.

• Because water is such a good solvent, the millions of compounds that can be dissolved in it are put to use in the biochemical reactions that are the fundamental building blocks of life.

• Additionally, water is responsible for the transportation of waste products and the distribution of nutrients throughout the body.

• Fluids transfer heat from hotter to cooler regions of the body and also serve as a shock absorber, providing protection for more delicate organs like the brain.

• Fluids also serve the function as lubricants, allowing tissues and organs to glide past one another with very little resistance.

BLOOD AND LYMPH

• Both the blood circulatory system and the lymphatic circulatory system are constantly exchanging fluids with one another.

• Blood plasma is responsible for transporting numerous cells and substances throughout the body, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and a vast range of nutrients and chemicals.

• White blood cells and other compounds such as lipids and proteins are carried through the lymphatic system by lymph fluid.

Blood plasma

• The pumping action of the heart forces plasma in the blood through the capillary walls.

Lymph

• Lymph vessels are responsible for collecting the fluid and reintroducing it into the bloodstream after it has been processed.

Interstitial fluid

• The fluid continues to move slowly across the cells and tissues despite being under very little pressure.

EQUILIBRIUM

• The biochemical events that take place within cells are finely tailored to certain variables, such as the quantities of oxygen, acidity, water, and temperature.

• These have to be kept within the appropriate ranges or else the reactions will go astray and the body will stop functioning properly.

HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEMS

• Homeostasis is dependent on the participation of many different systems.

• For instance, the respiratory system is responsible for ensuring that adequate levels of oxygen are present; the digestive system is responsible for ingesting nutrients and processing them; and the circulatory system is responsible for distributing oxygen and nutrients as well as gathering waste products, which are then eliminated by the urinary and respiratory systems.

CONTROL AND FEEDBACK

• Homeostasis is maintained by the body through the use of feedback loops, which are primarily coordinated by the body's principal control systems, which are the nerves and hormones.

• For instance, if the amount of water in the tissues decreases, this might cause the body's fluids to become more concentrated.

• Sensors pick up on this and send the information back to the brain, where it is processed by the brain's homeostatic regions, which then triggers the regulating actions.

• In order to save water, the hormonal control of urinary excretion is modified, and neural activity causes thirst, so that we can satisfy it by drinking.

• Once the sensors have determined that the fluid concentrations have returned to normal, they will turn themselves off until they are once again required.

• The same feedback principles are utilized in thermoregulation, which is the process of keeping an approximately constant body temperature.

• Mechanisms like as sweating and shivering are used to regulate heat loss, conservation, and generation in thermoregulation.

• The conditions inside the body are kept reasonably steady by these means, and a continuing equilibrium is preserved as a result.

MICROREGULATION

• About one million microfilters are found in each kidney, and their job is to remove waste from the blood while also regulating the amount of water, salt, and minerals in the blood.