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INTRO **NOTE: page 5 first nations questions*

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF GEOGRAPHY?

To learn more about the world around us and our surrounding discover how we can enjoy and use them
To learn how the environment affects us (e.g. climate, population, natural disasters
To learn more about ourselves and society; how our environment and society influences the way we think
To use knowledge to plan our future
- Identify and produce alternative sources of energy
- Avoid damage and death from disasters
- Stop further damage to the environment

THE FIVE FIELDS OF GEOGRAPHY

Physical: includes study of landforms, climate, and soil.
Urban: includes study of “built-up” areas, layout of cities, land use and urban problems such as transportation, pollution, garbage disposal.
Social: includes study of people and how they interact with themselves and their environment.
Environmental: includes study of our surrounding plus how we as humans utilize and often how we abuse our environment
Economic: includes activities which extract or create goods and provide services; all of which create jobs and maintain our economy

KEY QUESTIONS

what	why	where	should
What is where?	Why there?	What is where?	Should we intervene in _______
Can we do ab ____ problem	Why care?		SHOULD WE CARE AB _________

FOUR IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS

TERM	EXPLANATION
INTERRELATIONSHIPS	Geographers try to identify the relationships that exist between two factors more specifically natural and human environments. By analyzing interrelationships we can view the effects of their dynamics and questions like “Why care?”
SPATIAL SIGNIFICANCE	Spatial significance is directly related to the questions of location as it is something important for many reasons differing by the being’s relationship with the environment.
PATTERNS AND TRENDS	Patterns and trends are crucial for geographers as they help answer questions regarding location and importance
GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE	A unique perspective requiring insights in other fields such as economics, geophysics, urban planning, and history This allows geographers to consider multiple perspective to solve problems and make

MAP MAKING

WHAT IS A MAP?

a representation of earth's features drawn on a flat surface
unlike photographs, maps can’t show you what land actually looks like
Instead maps use symbols and colors to represent certain features
I.e. streets can be shown as red lines and airports as a plane icon
maps simplify the real world by excluding the specific details like a tree or litter on the ground

MAP TYPES

General purpose maps: provide many types of information on a map that might include
Bodies of water
Roads
Elevations
Railways
Towns and cities
Parks
E.g. atlas maps and road maps of mercator projection
Thematic maps: provide specific information about one place designed to show specific info about one particular topic easy to understand
Topographic map: uses symbols to show a variety of features if you want to examine the characteristics of a small area of the earth’s surface in detail, these maps are very useful (P.g.29)
Small-scale map: small amount of detail on a large area used for e.g. physical, political, and economic info
E.g. wall maps in general, scales, (1:250 000 = small scale)
Large scale map: exact opposite (kinda like zooming in to a place) e.g. military operations usage

Scale are the two categories of maps and in those categories there are types like topographic maps

ADD PHOTOS FROM CLASS

RATIO

1:50 000

VERBAL

1cm to .5 km

LINEAR

TBD

11 RULES OF MAP MAKING

title: all maps must contain an underlined printed title which defines the area shown topic, or focus
North arrow all maps have a north arrow at the top of the page pointing in the northern direction
Pencil: only use pencils for maps not pens or markers
Print: always print neatly and avoid slanting never cursive and no abbreviations
Scale: maps must contain one of the three scales
Border: maps must have a frame or border around entire map
Legend: maps must contain a legend which displays all symbols on map legend must have a title and must be printed neatly
Be consistent: use consistent printing for main features on your map like PROVINCES AND CAPITAL CITIES, RIVERS
Colors: blue:water green: forestry red:highways
No fringing be sure to shade carefully (no switching directions)
Grids to represent coordinates sometimes

GEOTECHNOLOGIES

GPS	GIS	REMOTE SENSING	TELEMATICS
Global positioning system A satellite based system that provides location data	Geographic information system Computer system that manages and analyzes geographic information (like the location and type of a natural resource) Can create a map showing changes to a community over time GIS can allow a user to do a complex analysis of issue I.e. water quality of area	A one way process satellite does sensing and sends results to ground station for analysis and use with the GIS Fun fact Canada is a lead in remote sensing of weather for example	Important part of internet of things - a network that links machines to each other rather than people M2M = machine to machine I.e. a robot weather station takes the information and sends it to users cellular devices or satellites Another example is the monitoring of wastewater treatments or landfills

GPS vs GIS

Gps is the location and movement of data versus GIS which is the database of information

NOTE: all of these datas go through a georeferencing process meaning the data from the gis and gps are linked together in a user friendly fashion

FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES

Possible self driving cars will use GPS to navigate the world and create a seamless experience that will make it safer for humanity
They will also use telematics for M2M as the may for example in an emergency stop and communicate to other cars to avoid an accident

POPULATION DENSITY

While Canada’s population grows, the rural communities population shrinks as the conditions become less desirable
I.e. their isolation from economic and population growth can hinder certain factors like job opportunities for younger generations*
Median age in residents for example population of rural communities, the median means that 50% of the residents are older than the median age and 50% are older

*DEBATE ON DWINDLING POPULATIONS

PRO	CON
Rural communities are historically rich and significant culturally Disadvantage that younger generations must travel for opportunities Lower costs of transportation of goods Cheaper workforce Alternative and diverse lifestyles More opportunities POSSIBLE SOLUTION Companies move operations to create job opportunities	Rural areas need more workers to continue economic activities Mechanization provides cheaper labor and less stress Therefore employing rural communities would lead to a push to the past We would waste many precious resources on providing sources to integrate such communities Companies relocation would be nonsensical

There are three important factors to land settlement

NATURE OF RESOURCES: The nature of resources that attracted people to the area in the first place, for example; the settlement pattern in a rich agricultural region vs. an area based on commercial fishing will differ.

TRANSPORTATION METHODS: If people travel by water instead of railways or roads, the patterns will differ.

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT: Though government influence was little in other areas such as southern Ontario and the southern prairies, the government imposed a survey system so then before settlement occurred that included a pattern of roads and lots that still exists.

POPULATION PATTERNS

Home

Social Studies

Geography Population Patterns

GEO TEST 1

GEO RESOURCE BOOK

TERMS	Definition
GEOGRAPHY	The study of the earth and people’s relationship with it.
Geotech	are the tools used to measure natural features or resources
Relative location	Where something is located in terms of relation to other geographic features (mississauga is located near the great lakes in canada next to toronto)
Absolute location	Where something is located according to latitude and longitude (exact location aka 1500 and 1460780)
ecosystem	A community of living things and the physical environment in which they live
INTERRELATIONSHIPS	A relationship or connection between different patterns or trends
Spatial significance	The importance of a particular location in a geographical sense
pattern	The arrangement of objects on earth’s surface in relation to each other
trend	A noticeable change in a pattern over time
Geographic perspective	A way of looking at the world that includes environmental, political, and social implications
Isodemographic	A type of cartogram in which the size of each area (e.g., country, state, county) is proportional to its population.
Population density	population/km^2 = population density
GPS	A satellite based system that provides location data
GIS	A computer system that manages and analyzes geo info
Geo referencing	Linking geo data to a specific location
Remote sensing	Seeing or measuring something from a considerable distance, often from a satellite
telematics	Any technology that involves the long distance transmission of digital information
M2M	Machine to machine
community	A group of people who share a commona;lity such as religion, ethnic background, or common space for similar function like a neighborhood or school community
Census metropolitan area (CMA)	An urban area in canada with a population over 100 000, they are usually centered around as specific city and extend beyond its borders
continuous/discontinuous ecumene	Continuous Ecumene: It's like a long line of places where people live, and there are no big gaps in between. Just a bunch of homes and communities all connected. Discontinuous Ecumene: Now, picture the places where people live, but with gaps in between. It's not a smooth, unbroken line. There are areas where people don't live, breaking up the chain of communities. That's a discontinuous ecumene – not all connected, with empty spaces here and there.
Survey system	A grid system used to locate and identify parcels of land and roads
Dispersed location	A population spread evenly across the land, common in agricultural areas
Concentrated location	A population focused on patches with specific patches with specific resource industries such as mines
Linear population	A population settled along a line being a river or highway fore example
WHAT IS EACH POPULATION	CHINA 146 CANADA 4 INDIA 35

INTRO **NOTE: page 5 first nations questions*

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF GEOGRAPHY?

To learn more about the world around us and our surrounding discover how we can enjoy and use them
To learn how the environment affects us (e.g. climate, population, natural disasters
To learn more about ourselves and society; how our environment and society influences the way we think
To use knowledge to plan our future
- Identify and produce alternative sources of energy
- Avoid damage and death from disasters
- Stop further damage to the environment

THE FIVE FIELDS OF GEOGRAPHY

Physical: includes study of landforms, climate, and soil.
Urban: includes study of “built-up” areas, layout of cities, land use and urban problems such as transportation, pollution, garbage disposal.
Social: includes study of people and how they interact with themselves and their environment.
Environmental: includes study of our surrounding plus how we as humans utilize and often how we abuse our environment
Economic: includes activities which extract or create goods and provide services; all of which create jobs and maintain our economy

KEY QUESTIONS

what	why	where	should
What is where?	Why there?	What is where?	Should we intervene in _______
Can we do ab ____ problem	Why care?		SHOULD WE CARE AB _________

FOUR IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS

TERM	EXPLANATION
INTERRELATIONSHIPS	Geographers try to identify the relationships that exist between two factors more specifically natural and human environments. By analyzing interrelationships we can view the effects of their dynamics and questions like “Why care?”
SPATIAL SIGNIFICANCE	Spatial significance is directly related to the questions of location as it is something important for many reasons differing by the being’s relationship with the environment.
PATTERNS AND TRENDS	Patterns and trends are crucial for geographers as they help answer questions regarding location and importance
GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE	A unique perspective requiring insights in other fields such as economics, geophysics, urban planning, and history This allows geographers to consider multiple perspective to solve problems and make

MAP MAKING

WHAT IS A MAP?

a representation of earth's features drawn on a flat surface
unlike photographs, maps can’t show you what land actually looks like
Instead maps use symbols and colors to represent certain features
I.e. streets can be shown as red lines and airports as a plane icon
maps simplify the real world by excluding the specific details like a tree or litter on the ground

MAP TYPES

General purpose maps: provide many types of information on a map that might include
Bodies of water
Roads
Elevations
Railways
Towns and cities
Parks
E.g. atlas maps and road maps of mercator projection
Thematic maps: provide specific information about one place designed to show specific info about one particular topic easy to understand
Topographic map: uses symbols to show a variety of features if you want to examine the characteristics of a small area of the earth’s surface in detail, these maps are very useful (P.g.29)
Small-scale map: small amount of detail on a large area used for e.g. physical, political, and economic info
E.g. wall maps in general, scales, (1:250 000 = small scale)
Large scale map: exact opposite (kinda like zooming in to a place) e.g. military operations usage

Scale are the two categories of maps and in those categories there are types like topographic maps

ADD PHOTOS FROM CLASS

RATIO

1:50 000

VERBAL

1cm to .5 km

LINEAR

TBD

11 RULES OF MAP MAKING

title: all maps must contain an underlined printed title which defines the area shown topic, or focus
North arrow all maps have a north arrow at the top of the page pointing in the northern direction
Pencil: only use pencils for maps not pens or markers
Print: always print neatly and avoid slanting never cursive and no abbreviations
Scale: maps must contain one of the three scales
Border: maps must have a frame or border around entire map
Legend: maps must contain a legend which displays all symbols on map legend must have a title and must be printed neatly
Be consistent: use consistent printing for main features on your map like PROVINCES AND CAPITAL CITIES, RIVERS
Colors: blue:water green: forestry red:highways
No fringing be sure to shade carefully (no switching directions)
Grids to represent coordinates sometimes

GEOTECHNOLOGIES

GPS	GIS	REMOTE SENSING	TELEMATICS
Global positioning system A satellite based system that provides location data	Geographic information system Computer system that manages and analyzes geographic information (like the location and type of a natural resource) Can create a map showing changes to a community over time GIS can allow a user to do a complex analysis of issue I.e. water quality of area	A one way process satellite does sensing and sends results to ground station for analysis and use with the GIS Fun fact Canada is a lead in remote sensing of weather for example	Important part of internet of things - a network that links machines to each other rather than people M2M = machine to machine I.e. a robot weather station takes the information and sends it to users cellular devices or satellites Another example is the monitoring of wastewater treatments or landfills

GPS vs GIS

Gps is the location and movement of data versus GIS which is the database of information

NOTE: all of these datas go through a georeferencing process meaning the data from the gis and gps are linked together in a user friendly fashion

FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES

Possible self driving cars will use GPS to navigate the world and create a seamless experience that will make it safer for humanity
They will also use telematics for M2M as the may for example in an emergency stop and communicate to other cars to avoid an accident

POPULATION DENSITY

While Canada’s population grows, the rural communities population shrinks as the conditions become less desirable
I.e. their isolation from economic and population growth can hinder certain factors like job opportunities for younger generations*
Median age in residents for example population of rural communities, the median means that 50% of the residents are older than the median age and 50% are older

*DEBATE ON DWINDLING POPULATIONS

PRO	CON
Rural communities are historically rich and significant culturally Disadvantage that younger generations must travel for opportunities Lower costs of transportation of goods Cheaper workforce Alternative and diverse lifestyles More opportunities POSSIBLE SOLUTION Companies move operations to create job opportunities	Rural areas need more workers to continue economic activities Mechanization provides cheaper labor and less stress Therefore employing rural communities would lead to a push to the past We would waste many precious resources on providing sources to integrate such communities Companies relocation would be nonsensical

There are three important factors to land settlement

TRANSPORTATION METHODS: If people travel by water instead of railways or roads, the patterns will differ.

TERMS

INTRO *NOTE: page 5 first nations questions

MAP MAKING

GEOTECHNOLOGIES

POPULATION DENSITY

POPULATION PATTERNS

GEO TEST 1

TERMS

INTRO *NOTE: page 5 first nations questions

MAP MAKING

GEOTECHNOLOGIES

POPULATION DENSITY

POPULATION PATTERNS

INTRO **NOTE: page 5 first nations questions*

INTRO **NOTE: page 5 first nations questions*