English Year Recap
Literary Terms-
Plot Mountain
Exposition
The beginning; introduction of characters, problem, and setting
Rising Action
A series of incidents/ actions that create suspense and complicate a conflict
Plot begins to advance, problem intensifies, character development
Climax
“Spoiler” moment; the peak of action
Falling Action
The action that happens after the climax has been reached; aftereffects of the problem
Resolution
Conflict is resolved; unanswered questions are answered; loose ends are tied.
Types of Conflict
Internal Conflict
The conflict is within the character (character vs. self)
External Conflict
The conflict is another force against the character (character vs. character, character vs. nature, character vs. society)
Flat + Round Characters
Flat Character
No change within the character
Round Character
The character changes through the story
Characterization
Indirect Characterization
The author uses STEAL to tell you about a character rather than spelling out character traits.
“She thinks she’s better than everyone else! It’s incredibly annoying, and I can’t stand it!!” I cried.
Shauna threw her gorgeous black hair over her shoulder and walked through the halls with confidence, her green eyes piercing those who stared at her beauty.
Direct Characterization
The author directly states characteristics of the character
(uses is or another direct word.)
Ex. Shelly is annoyingly popular and thinks she’s better than everyone else.
Ex. Shauna is the most beautiful girl in school, with black hair, green eyes, and luscious, glowing skin.
Characters
Protagonist
The main character; we follow this character around the story; the leading role
Antagonist
“Antagonizes” (opposes) the main character; wants to make them fail/ suffer; they are the reason that the main character cannot succeed
Point of View
1st Person
The main character narrates the story from their point of view.
2nd Person
The narrator is a character in the story, but not the main character
3rd Person
The narrator is narrating from outside the story; knows the information
Theme
The main lesson from a story; the takeaway point
Setting
Where and when a story takes place
Complete Sentence Correction-
Complete Sentence
It contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought/ idea
Independent clause
Run-on
When two sentences run together without proper punctuation or connecting words
Fused Sentence
Two sentences are run together without punctuation
Absence of punctuation
Comma Splice
When a comma is used without a connecting word
Absence of connecting words
Sentence Fragment
A piece of a complete thought that has been punctuated like a sentence
Is missing a key component of a sentence
What is an Archetype?
An archetype is a universally recognizable pattern that reappears across literature and life. (we learned dystopian and hero)
Dystopian Archetype
Definition- The recurring theme throughout literature that shows elements of a dystopia (elements listed below)
Divided setting w/ borders
Small authority with a characteristic deemed important; mistreats large, disadvantaged group (have and have nots)
New society that has survived a breakdown of the past world
The majority of the population is governed by strict rules that are violently policed to avoid a repeat disaster.
A protagonist that contrasts with society.
Protagonist leads a rebellion
Hero Archetype
Definition- A pattern that reoccurs through literature and life that is the typical sequence of events in a hero character’s life. The recurring theme of many books where the hero goes through some variations of the hero cycle.
Hero’s Journey-
The recurring theme of many books where the hero goes through some variations of the hero cycle.
Mentor
Mentor’s Role:
Teach the hero
The mentor has past knowledge/ experience to share
Equip the hero
Giving a gift
Ex. A lightsaber
Take the hero only so far
The mentor must let the hero face the unknown world on their own.
Hero Cycle-
Call to Adventure
(see “entering the hero’s journey” below.)
Supernatural Aid
A gift or person that will aid the hero on the journey
Threshold Guardians
forces meant to stall or test the hero at a turning point (jumping-off point)
Threshold
The “jumping-off-point” for the journey; leaving the known world
Mentor
Teaches and equips the hero
Helper
Aids the hero with tasks
Challenges and Temptations
Tests for the hero that distract from the purpose of the journey? They increase in difficulty leading up to the Abyss
Abyss
Climax/ turning point
Belly of the whale
Death and Rebirth
Causes the Transformation of Consciousness
Revelation/ Transformation of Consciousness
When the character realizes change that they need to make within themselves for a transformation of behavior/ actions
Transformation
When the change happens- change in thinking, then change in actions
Atonement
At one with new self (from the Abyss)
Return/ Gift
The hero returns back to the known world
The hero returns home with a gift that they did not previously have.
Heroic Deeds
Physical
Fighting a bad guy
Saving a life
Spiritual deed
Sharing a deeper experience/ story
Affecting change
Entering the Hero’s Journey
Serendipitous
Accidentally Fortunate; accidentally stumbled into a journey
Directed
Told to go on the journey
Self-Motivated
The hero wants to do it
English Year Recap
Literary Terms-
Plot Mountain
Exposition
The beginning; introduction of characters, problem, and setting
Rising Action
A series of incidents/ actions that create suspense and complicate a conflict
Plot begins to advance, problem intensifies, character development
Climax
“Spoiler” moment; the peak of action
Falling Action
The action that happens after the climax has been reached; aftereffects of the problem
Resolution
Conflict is resolved; unanswered questions are answered; loose ends are tied.
Types of Conflict
Internal Conflict
The conflict is within the character (character vs. self)
External Conflict
The conflict is another force against the character (character vs. character, character vs. nature, character vs. society)
Flat + Round Characters
Flat Character
No change within the character
Round Character
The character changes through the story
Characterization
Indirect Characterization
The author uses STEAL to tell you about a character rather than spelling out character traits.
“She thinks she’s better than everyone else! It’s incredibly annoying, and I can’t stand it!!” I cried.
Shauna threw her gorgeous black hair over her shoulder and walked through the halls with confidence, her green eyes piercing those who stared at her beauty.
Direct Characterization
The author directly states characteristics of the character
(uses is or another direct word.)
Ex. Shelly is annoyingly popular and thinks she’s better than everyone else.
Ex. Shauna is the most beautiful girl in school, with black hair, green eyes, and luscious, glowing skin.
Characters
Protagonist
The main character; we follow this character around the story; the leading role
Antagonist
“Antagonizes” (opposes) the main character; wants to make them fail/ suffer; they are the reason that the main character cannot succeed
Point of View
1st Person
The main character narrates the story from their point of view.
2nd Person
The narrator is a character in the story, but not the main character
3rd Person
The narrator is narrating from outside the story; knows the information
Theme
The main lesson from a story; the takeaway point
Setting
Where and when a story takes place
Complete Sentence Correction-
Complete Sentence
It contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought/ idea
Independent clause
Run-on
When two sentences run together without proper punctuation or connecting words
Fused Sentence
Two sentences are run together without punctuation
Absence of punctuation
Comma Splice
When a comma is used without a connecting word
Absence of connecting words
Sentence Fragment
A piece of a complete thought that has been punctuated like a sentence
Is missing a key component of a sentence
What is an Archetype?
An archetype is a universally recognizable pattern that reappears across literature and life. (we learned dystopian and hero)
Dystopian Archetype
Definition- The recurring theme throughout literature that shows elements of a dystopia (elements listed below)
Divided setting w/ borders
Small authority with a characteristic deemed important; mistreats large, disadvantaged group (have and have nots)
New society that has survived a breakdown of the past world
The majority of the population is governed by strict rules that are violently policed to avoid a repeat disaster.
A protagonist that contrasts with society.
Protagonist leads a rebellion
Hero Archetype
Definition- A pattern that reoccurs through literature and life that is the typical sequence of events in a hero character’s life. The recurring theme of many books where the hero goes through some variations of the hero cycle.
Hero’s Journey-
The recurring theme of many books where the hero goes through some variations of the hero cycle.
Mentor
Mentor’s Role:
Teach the hero
The mentor has past knowledge/ experience to share
Equip the hero
Giving a gift
Ex. A lightsaber
Take the hero only so far
The mentor must let the hero face the unknown world on their own.
Hero Cycle-
Call to Adventure
(see “entering the hero’s journey” below.)
Supernatural Aid
A gift or person that will aid the hero on the journey
Threshold Guardians
forces meant to stall or test the hero at a turning point (jumping-off point)
Threshold
The “jumping-off-point” for the journey; leaving the known world
Mentor
Teaches and equips the hero
Helper
Aids the hero with tasks
Challenges and Temptations
Tests for the hero that distract from the purpose of the journey? They increase in difficulty leading up to the Abyss
Abyss
Climax/ turning point
Belly of the whale
Death and Rebirth
Causes the Transformation of Consciousness
Revelation/ Transformation of Consciousness
When the character realizes change that they need to make within themselves for a transformation of behavior/ actions
Transformation
When the change happens- change in thinking, then change in actions
Atonement
At one with new self (from the Abyss)
Return/ Gift
The hero returns back to the known world
The hero returns home with a gift that they did not previously have.
Heroic Deeds
Physical
Fighting a bad guy
Saving a life
Spiritual deed
Sharing a deeper experience/ story
Affecting change
Entering the Hero’s Journey
Serendipitous
Accidentally Fortunate; accidentally stumbled into a journey
Directed
Told to go on the journey
Self-Motivated
The hero wants to do it