Early Society in East Asia: CHAPTER 5 LECTURE NOTES - TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS 6TH EDITION - AP World History
Early Society in East Asia: CHAPTER 5 LECTURE NOTES - TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS 6TH EDITION - AP World History
THE YELLOW RIVER
- AKA Huang He
- 3,000 mi = Tibet --> Yellow Sea
- Deposits fertile, light-colored soil
- As glaciers rescinded during the ice age, soil comes down with water, has lots of nutrients/minerals
- Periodic flooding: "China's sorrow"
- Because the river had soup-like consistency
- irregular times
PREHISTORIC SOCIETY: YANGSHAO (5,000-3,000 BCE)
- Middle region of the Yellow River valley
- Had regionalized government
- Oversee small section with a strong centralized govt that oversaw commerce/trade
- Tech advanced
- Had regionalized government
- Banpo village
- Painted pottery
- Use of kilns
- Ability to develop clay from the Earth
- Created different types of artistic craftsmen who are using that paint/pottery
- Bronze tools
- Combo of copper/tin
- AKA alloy
THE EARLIEST DYNASTIES
- Xia (ca. 2,200 BCE)
- Organized through village network
- Hereditary monarchy
- Ruled by one leader but is passed through the family, usually father to son
- Was given commands by bureaucrats who were taking the words/decrees of the leader
- Flood control
- Shang (1,766-1,122 BCE)
- Zhou (1,122-256 BCE)
SHANG
- Bronze metallurgy
- State monopoly
- Horse-drawn chariots, other wheeled vehicles (like carts)
- Important in warfare because it can move troops very quickly across battlefields/disorientate enemies due to speed
- Large armies
- Used to grow influence and dominate foreign land
- Political organization = network of fortified cities, loyal to center
- 1,000 cities
- The capital moved 6 times because of economic, political/military reasons
- Impressive architecture of AO (wall = organization)
- Yin (tombs = similar to Egypt with sacrificial remains)
- Other regional kingdoms coexist = San Kingdui
SHANG DYNASTY BURIAL PRACTICES
- Hierarchal social structure
- Leader at the top --> generals --> other important people
- Burials alongside dead member of ruling class
- Sacrificial victims, mostly slaves
- Wives, servants, hunting companions
- Later replaced by statuary, often monumental
- Like statues, gravestones
- Moved away because it was difficult to convince people to kill themselves for someone of power
ZHOU DYNASTY
- No law codes = rule by decree
- No written down laws people can read/told to understand
- Instead they have messengers gather the people in crowds to explain the rulings
- "Mandate of Heaven" = leader must be a conduit/connection to the spiritual realm/Earth
- No written down laws people can read/told to understand
- Aggregation of villages opposed to Shang leadership
- Decentralization to authority
- Regional leaders seen as more of the authority
- Taxes were too high because it was a large dynasty at the time
- Decentralization to authority
DECLINE OF THE ZHOU DYNASTY
- Decentralized leadership style allows for building of regional powers
- Increasing local independence, refusal to pay Zhou taxes
- Iron metallurgy allows for widespread creation of weaponry
- Northern invaders weaken Zhou dynasty, beginning 8th cent. BCE
- Internal dissension = Period of the Warring States (403-221 BCE)
- People fighting everywhere for power, control etc.
- Qin vs Wei vs Zha vs Chu vs Ha vs Song vs Lu vs Yan vs Zhao vs Qi
SOCIAL ORDER
- Ruling classes great advantage
- Palatial compounds, luxurious lifestyle
- Support by agricultural surplus, tax revenues
- Defended by a monopoly on bronze weaponry
- Support class of artisans, craftsmen
- Receive support from ruling classes to create bowls, pots, walls, metals, etc.
- Evidence of long-distance trade, merchant class
- Connect China/India
- Large class of semiservile peasants
- Slave class
- Jobs that the other classes didn't do
- Menial labor
- Large class of semi-serville peasants
- Couldn't leave the land
- Grow crops for slaves
- In service of the community
FAMILY/PATRIARCHY
- Devotion to family, ancestor veneration
- Connection of spirit world to physical world
- Being devoted = structure of good luck and fortune
- Ritual sacrifices
- Bury tools/goods/items, later leave food/drinks at grave
- Father ritual head of family sites
- China didn't have a priest class
- Early prominence of individual female leaders fades in later Shang, Zhou dynasties
ORACLE BONES/EARLY CHINESE WRITING
- Used for communicating with spirit world, determining future
- Question written on animal bones and turtle shells
- Take a hot tool from the fire, crack, examined for omens
- Early archaeological evidence of Chinese writing
EVOLUTION OF CHINESE SCRIPT
- Pictograph (represents object) --> ideograph (represents idea)
ZHOU LITERATURE
- The reflections of Confucius
- Focuses on familial piety, order, tradition, etc.
- Seen as frugal with wisdom and is now a widely known philosopher
- Book of Change = manual for divination
- Tells how to do oracle bones, understand gods
- Book of History = Justified Zhou state
- Explained how the Zhou were so great/powerful
- Book of Etiquette (Book of Rites)
- Book of Songs (Poems)
- Little survived
- Often written on perishable bamboo strips
- Many destroyed by emperor in Qin dynasty in 221 BCE
NOMADIC PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA
- Steppe nomads --> moved frequently
- Poor lands for cultivation, extensive herding activities
- Horses domesticated c. 4,000 BCE, bronze metallurgy in 2,900 BCE
- Extensive trade with sedentary cultures in China
- Tensions: frequent raiding
- Do it whenever they're running low on supplies, raid villages, caravans, etc.
SOUTHERN EXPANSION ON CHINESE SOCIETY
- Yangzi Valley
- Yangzi River: Chang Jiang, "long river"
- Excellent for rice cultivation
- Irrigation system developed
- The State of Chu
- Autonomous, challenged Zhou dynasty
- Acts on it, didn't need any other groups to support it
- Culture heavily influenced by Chinese
Early Society in East Asia: CHAPTER 5 LECTURE NOTES - TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS 6TH EDITION - AP World History
Early Society in East Asia: CHAPTER 5 LECTURE NOTES - TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS 6TH EDITION - AP World History
THE YELLOW RIVER
- AKA Huang He
- 3,000 mi = Tibet --> Yellow Sea
- Deposits fertile, light-colored soil
- As glaciers rescinded during the ice age, soil comes down with water, has lots of nutrients/minerals
- Periodic flooding: "China's sorrow"
- Because the river had soup-like consistency
- irregular times
PREHISTORIC SOCIETY: YANGSHAO (5,000-3,000 BCE)
- Middle region of the Yellow River valley
- Had regionalized government
- Oversee small section with a strong centralized govt that oversaw commerce/trade
- Tech advanced
- Had regionalized government
- Banpo village
- Painted pottery
- Use of kilns
- Ability to develop clay from the Earth
- Created different types of artistic craftsmen who are using that paint/pottery
- Bronze tools
- Combo of copper/tin
- AKA alloy
THE EARLIEST DYNASTIES
- Xia (ca. 2,200 BCE)
- Organized through village network
- Hereditary monarchy
- Ruled by one leader but is passed through the family, usually father to son
- Was given commands by bureaucrats who were taking the words/decrees of the leader
- Flood control
- Shang (1,766-1,122 BCE)
- Zhou (1,122-256 BCE)
SHANG
- Bronze metallurgy
- State monopoly
- Horse-drawn chariots, other wheeled vehicles (like carts)
- Important in warfare because it can move troops very quickly across battlefields/disorientate enemies due to speed
- Large armies
- Used to grow influence and dominate foreign land
- Political organization = network of fortified cities, loyal to center
- 1,000 cities
- The capital moved 6 times because of economic, political/military reasons
- Impressive architecture of AO (wall = organization)
- Yin (tombs = similar to Egypt with sacrificial remains)
- Other regional kingdoms coexist = San Kingdui
SHANG DYNASTY BURIAL PRACTICES
- Hierarchal social structure
- Leader at the top --> generals --> other important people
- Burials alongside dead member of ruling class
- Sacrificial victims, mostly slaves
- Wives, servants, hunting companions
- Later replaced by statuary, often monumental
- Like statues, gravestones
- Moved away because it was difficult to convince people to kill themselves for someone of power
ZHOU DYNASTY
- No law codes = rule by decree
- No written down laws people can read/told to understand
- Instead they have messengers gather the people in crowds to explain the rulings
- "Mandate of Heaven" = leader must be a conduit/connection to the spiritual realm/Earth
- No written down laws people can read/told to understand
- Aggregation of villages opposed to Shang leadership
- Decentralization to authority
- Regional leaders seen as more of the authority
- Taxes were too high because it was a large dynasty at the time
- Decentralization to authority
DECLINE OF THE ZHOU DYNASTY
- Decentralized leadership style allows for building of regional powers
- Increasing local independence, refusal to pay Zhou taxes
- Iron metallurgy allows for widespread creation of weaponry
- Northern invaders weaken Zhou dynasty, beginning 8th cent. BCE
- Internal dissension = Period of the Warring States (403-221 BCE)
- People fighting everywhere for power, control etc.
- Qin vs Wei vs Zha vs Chu vs Ha vs Song vs Lu vs Yan vs Zhao vs Qi
SOCIAL ORDER
- Ruling classes great advantage
- Palatial compounds, luxurious lifestyle
- Support by agricultural surplus, tax revenues
- Defended by a monopoly on bronze weaponry
- Support class of artisans, craftsmen
- Receive support from ruling classes to create bowls, pots, walls, metals, etc.
- Evidence of long-distance trade, merchant class
- Connect China/India
- Large class of semiservile peasants
- Slave class
- Jobs that the other classes didn't do
- Menial labor
- Large class of semi-serville peasants
- Couldn't leave the land
- Grow crops for slaves
- In service of the community
FAMILY/PATRIARCHY
- Devotion to family, ancestor veneration
- Connection of spirit world to physical world
- Being devoted = structure of good luck and fortune
- Ritual sacrifices
- Bury tools/goods/items, later leave food/drinks at grave
- Father ritual head of family sites
- China didn't have a priest class
- Early prominence of individual female leaders fades in later Shang, Zhou dynasties
ORACLE BONES/EARLY CHINESE WRITING
- Used for communicating with spirit world, determining future
- Question written on animal bones and turtle shells
- Take a hot tool from the fire, crack, examined for omens
- Early archaeological evidence of Chinese writing
EVOLUTION OF CHINESE SCRIPT
- Pictograph (represents object) --> ideograph (represents idea)
ZHOU LITERATURE
- The reflections of Confucius
- Focuses on familial piety, order, tradition, etc.
- Seen as frugal with wisdom and is now a widely known philosopher
- Book of Change = manual for divination
- Tells how to do oracle bones, understand gods
- Book of History = Justified Zhou state
- Explained how the Zhou were so great/powerful
- Book of Etiquette (Book of Rites)
- Book of Songs (Poems)
- Little survived
- Often written on perishable bamboo strips
- Many destroyed by emperor in Qin dynasty in 221 BCE
NOMADIC PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA
- Steppe nomads --> moved frequently
- Poor lands for cultivation, extensive herding activities
- Horses domesticated c. 4,000 BCE, bronze metallurgy in 2,900 BCE
- Extensive trade with sedentary cultures in China
- Tensions: frequent raiding
- Do it whenever they're running low on supplies, raid villages, caravans, etc.
SOUTHERN EXPANSION ON CHINESE SOCIETY
- Yangzi Valley
- Yangzi River: Chang Jiang, "long river"
- Excellent for rice cultivation
- Irrigation system developed
- The State of Chu
- Autonomous, challenged Zhou dynasty
- Acts on it, didn't need any other groups to support it
- Culture heavily influenced by Chinese