Rating

0.0(0)

Take a practice test

undefined Flashcards

Studied by 0 people

Tags

World History

Explore Top Notes

Studied by 9 people

Unit 7 P1 Skills of Chemistry >

Studied by 18 people

Studied by 3 people

Chapter Ten: Helping Others

Studied by 4 people

7.1: The Aftermath of World War I

Studied by 9 people

Chapter 3: Buddhism "Religion of Release"

Studied by 18 people

Holocaust Vocab

Holocaust Vocab

Collaborator: A collaborater was as ally of the Nazi Party. During the Holocaust, these people supported the incarceration and execution of Jews, as antisemitism was deeply rooted in German culture. In December of 1941, leadership`of seven regional Protestant churches declared Jews incapable of salvation by baptism. Jews were “born enemies of the world and Germany.” A police battalion member who served in the Chelmno death camp admitted to believing the propaganda that Jews were criminals and the cause of Germany’s decline after WW1. They were told the Jew was not to be acknowledged as a human being. Significance: This is important since it shows the influence of propaganda and people in power. Ordinary people were brainwashed to believe in anti-semetic ideas, and killers took pride in brutalizing/torturing their victims and taking photos of what they inflicted. It also shows the worst of people comes from dehumanizing each other.

Nuremberg Laws 1935: The Nuremberg Laws were passed in September of 1935 by Hitler. They were passed by the Nazi party, and stripped Jews of their social, legal, and political rights. Jews were not able to marry others of “German blood”. Significance: This was the first step in Hitler’s plan of creating a master Aryan race. These rules were anti-semetic and dehumanized Jews.

Final Solution: The Final Solution was the methodical annihilation of Jews. It was the end of Jewish deportation, and Nazi supporters (such as Einsatzgruppen, the Gestapo, and volunteer citizens) began executing them with poisonous gas and guns. Significance: This was significant as over 2 million Jews were slaughtered. It also shows the influence of propaganda and people in power. Ordinary people were brainwashed to believe in anti-semetic ideas, and killers took pride in brutalizing/torturing their victims and taking photos of what they inflicted. It also shows the worst of people comes from dehumanizing each other.

Dachau Camp: (1933) This camp’s purpose was originally for Germans to hold political enemies. During the Holocaust, it became a major forced labor camp for Jewish prisoners.Thousands of people were put to death before US forces liberated it in 1945. The camp is located in the state of Bavaria. Significance: The Dachau camp is significant since it was the first concentration and death camp that slaughtered thousands of people.

Emigration: Following events of destruction and violence like Kristallnacht, Jews sought refuge outside of Germany. Hitler supported this since he considered deportation a solution to the “Jewish problem”. This phase lasted from 1933 to 1938. Emigration was the major departure of thousands of Jews and their families. Significance: This was important because the Jewish people left or were forced out of Germany. They gave up everything to leave behind the injustice of anti-semitism.

Immigration: In 1930, Jewish people left German territories to find permanent homes in another country. They would move to countries such as Britain, the Dominican Republic, Spain, the US, Shanghai, Switzerland, and France. However, many countries closed their borders after thousands of refugees tried to enter the country. Significance: This is significant because Jewish people wanted to live their lives in peace so they moved where people were not anti-sematic.

Holocaust: The Holocaust was the systematic incarceration and murder of over 6 million Jews in Nazi Germany (11-12 million in all). Adolf Hitler’s goal was to create a master race of Germanic people. Though known as “The Final Solution” by the Nazi party, Jews called this the “Great Fire,” since all the dead bodies were burned. 4-5 million non Jews such as Gypsies and homosexuals were also slaughtered. 1.5 million of which were children. There were over 1100 concentration camps. It lasted from 1933 to 1945. Significance: The Holocaust was important since it was a racist based genocide. The violence led to the founding of Israel after World War II.

Mein Kampf: (1934) Mein Kampf was an autobiography written by Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazis. Translated as “My Fight,” it was written while he was in prison for (5 years→ 9 months) attempting to overthrow the government with the Brown Shirts political party. In his writings, he introduced the idea that the Aryans, or “master race,” were Germanic so the racially inferior races were the Jew and Slavic people. When Hitler rose to power, over 10 million copies were sold. Significance: This is significant because it pushed the ideas of antisemitism that led to the holocaust.

Typhus: Disease was a major cause of death in camps during the Holocaust. Typhus was a deadly disease cause and spread in unsanitary conditions. Without medical treatment, thousands of prisoners died. Significance: This is important since it reveals the horrific conditions in which the Nazis held their prisoners.

Kristallnacht: Kristallnacht was a violent act of anti-semitism and is translated as the Night of Broken Glass (“reason” was the death of German official). From November 9-10, 1938, rioters destroyed over 7,000 Jewish-owned businesses as well as 267 synagogues in Germany, Sudetenland, and Austria. Over 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and held in concentration camps. Significance: This was a major step in Jewish persecution and led to the emigration of Jew thousands of people.

Munich Conference: This conference took place in 1938 in Munich, Germany between the French leader Neville Chamberlain, Italian dictator Benito Mussilini, and Nazi leader Adolf Hilter. The goal was to avoid a second world war and an agreement was reached that Hitler would annex the Sudetenland, as long as he did not invade any other land. This attempt at appeasement failed as Hitler continued adding to the demands. He wanted Hungry and Poland and eventually succeeded in taking Czechoslovakia. Significance: This averted the outbreak of war but Czechoslovakia and Sudetenland were lost. It showed that appeasement fails.

Evian Conference: This conference met from July 6-15th, 1938 in Evian-les-Bains, France. It discussed Jewish refugees that were fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany. Thirty-two countries and twenty-four organizations attended. All countries except the Dominican Republic closed down their borders since they could not support the economic hardships that would come with accepting the refugees. Significance: This is important because turning away the Jews drove Hitler to slaughter them all in the “Final Solution.”

Aryan: Aryans were Hitler’s master race of Germans. He believed them to be superior and expressed this in his autobiography, Mein Kampf. Significance: This is significant because these ideas dehumanized Jews and other groups of people, and led to the Holocaust.

Reparation Payments: Reparations are compensation payments made by the losing side in a war. In World War I, Germany was blamed for the entire war, and forced to pay 32 billion dollars in reparations. Unable to pay, Germany started to print more money, leading to hyperinflation. In 1923, one US dollar was equivalent to one trillion German Marks. This severely damaged Germany’s economic and political systems, and took its toll on the general populace. Significance: This was significant as it gave Germany motive to take revenge and to place the blame on the “inferior races.”

Facism: Fascism is a type of government led by a dictator with absolute control (extreme nationalism). They are also aggressive militarists, imperialists, and they only have one political party. This system of government was started by Benito Mussolini of Italy but was then adapted in Germany by Adolf Hitler. Significance: This was significant since it gave Adolf Hitler complete control and leadership over the Holocaust. Today, facism is outlawed internationally.

Treaty of Versailles: The Treaty of Versailles was a compromise between Germany and the Allied Powers and was signed five days after Franz Ferdinand’s assassinationon, on June 28, 1919. Britain and France didn’t want to accept Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, since they were concerned about national security and wanted to srtip Germany of its war-making power. The treaty created a League of Nations that was an international association aimed towards keeping peace. The Treaty of Versailles also punished Germany: They lost 10-13% of their land, had restricticted military operations (100,000 soldiers), and were forced to take full responsibility of the war meaning they had to pay reparations to the Allies (a total of 32 billion $s). Significance: This was important since it angered the Germans and gave them a reason to fight back. It was one reason for World War II.

Genocide: Genocide is the systematic killing of an entire people. During the Holocaust, Nazis killed 6 million Jews under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. Significance: The Holocaust was important since it was a racist based genocide. The violence led to the founding of Israel after World War II.

Enabling Act: The Enabling Act, also known as the Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Reich, was passed on March 2, 1934. It was signed by President Paul Von Hindenburg and allowed Hitler to create laws without approval. Significance: The Enabling Act gave Hitler the power to pass laws without resistance and move forward with whatever plans he wanted.

Gestapo: The Gestapo were the German secret police force created by Herman Goring in 1933. In 1936, Heinrich Himmler was appointed as chief and founded the Einsatzgruppen, or the death squads. They did not answer to any legal oversight and were free to kill without consequence. Thus the Gestapo and Einsatzgruppen were used to take down opposition to the Nazis. They were extremely brutal and above the law. Einsatzgruppen were estimated to have killed more than 2 million people between 1941-1945. Significance: This is significant because the Gestapo played a vital role in executing millions of people. After the war, members of the Einsatzgruppen were prosecuted and charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. This was important because they followed through with “The Final Solution.” and are responsible for so many deaths.

Reich: Reich translates to empire or rule in English. Hitler called his government the Third Reich. To him, the two best governments in the past were the Holy Roman Empire and Imperial Germany (1871-1918). He considered his rule to be the third greatest. Significance: This was important because it showed that Hitler believed he was doing what was best for Germany. It gives us perspective and proved that he was a passionate nationalist.

Euthanasia: Euthanasia is the act of ending a life of a person who is suffering. However in August 1939, Hitler ordered German Health Care Officials to hold coordinated euthanization as the first program of killing in Nazi Germany. Health authorities encouraged the parents of disabled children to admit them into a facility. More than 70,000 people were killed by overdose of lethal poison, medication, or starvation. Significance: This is significant because it was Hitlers first step in eliminating inferiors and creating a master race.

Inflation: Inflation is the decrease of currency due to the high prices of market items. One example is Germany after World War 1. Reparations are compensation payments made by the losing side in a war. In World War I, Germany was blamed for the entire war, and forced to pay 32 billion dollars in reparations. Unable to pay, Germany started to print more money, leading to hyperinflation. In 1923, one US dollar was equivalent to one trillion German Marks. This severely damaged Germany’s economic and political systems, and took its toll on the general populace. Significance: This was significant as it gave Germany motive to take revenge and to place the blame on the “inferior races.”

Madagascar Plan: In June 1940, the head of the Jewish Department of the German Forgien Office, Franz Rademacher proposed Jews be forcibly relocated to the French territory of Madagascar. Germany gained control in the surrender terms with France and Adolf Hitler gave approval. On August 15th, 1940, Rademacher announced a million jews to be moved there a year, for 4 years. However, the British Navel blockages prevented this and the idea was completely dismissed with the creation of “The Final Solution.” Significance: This was important as it was an alternative idea to the annihilation of all Jews.

Stock Market Crash: The Stock Market crashed in October 1929 and led to America’s Great Depression. In World War I, Germany was blamed for the entire war, and forced to pay 32 billion dollars in reparations. Unable to pay, Germany started to print more money, leading to hyperinflation. In 1923, one US dollar was equivalent to one trillion German Marks. This severely damaged Germany’s economic and political systems, and took its toll on the general populace. In 1924, the economy evolved and started to return to normal but when the stock market crashed in 1929, Germany became politically unstable (since they relied on loans from other countries) and then led to the downfall of the Weimar Republic. Significance: This is significant since Hitler rose to power thanks to the weak government caused by the stock market crash. With deep rooted anti-semitism, Hitler was able to convince Germany to blame the Jews and take action.

Einsatzgruppen: The Gestapo were the German secret police force created by Herman Goring in 1933. In 1936, Heinrich Himmler was appointed as chief and founded the Einsatzgruppen, or the death squads. They did not answer to any legal oversight and were free to kill without consequence. Thus the Gestapo and Einsatzgruppen were used to take down opposition to the Nazis. They were extremely brutal and above the law. Einsatzgruppen were estimated to have killed more than 2 million people between 1941-1945. Significance: This is significant because the Gestapo played a vital role in executing millions of people. After the war, members of the Einsatzgruppen were prosecuted and charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. This was important because they followed through with “The Final Solution.” and are responsible for so many deaths.

Holocaust Vocab

Holocaust Vocab

Collaborator: A collaborater was as ally of the Nazi Party. During the Holocaust, these people supported the incarceration and execution of Jews, as antisemitism was deeply rooted in German culture. In December of 1941, leadership`of seven regional Protestant churches declared Jews incapable of salvation by baptism. Jews were “born enemies of the world and Germany.” A police battalion member who served in the Chelmno death camp admitted to believing the propaganda that Jews were criminals and the cause of Germany’s decline after WW1. They were told the Jew was not to be acknowledged as a human being. Significance: This is important since it shows the influence of propaganda and people in power. Ordinary people were brainwashed to believe in anti-semetic ideas, and killers took pride in brutalizing/torturing their victims and taking photos of what they inflicted. It also shows the worst of people comes from dehumanizing each other.

Nuremberg Laws 1935: The Nuremberg Laws were passed in September of 1935 by Hitler. They were passed by the Nazi party, and stripped Jews of their social, legal, and political rights. Jews were not able to marry others of “German blood”. Significance: This was the first step in Hitler’s plan of creating a master Aryan race. These rules were anti-semetic and dehumanized Jews.

Final Solution: The Final Solution was the methodical annihilation of Jews. It was the end of Jewish deportation, and Nazi supporters (such as Einsatzgruppen, the Gestapo, and volunteer citizens) began executing them with poisonous gas and guns. Significance: This was significant as over 2 million Jews were slaughtered. It also shows the influence of propaganda and people in power. Ordinary people were brainwashed to believe in anti-semetic ideas, and killers took pride in brutalizing/torturing their victims and taking photos of what they inflicted. It also shows the worst of people comes from dehumanizing each other.

Dachau Camp: (1933) This camp’s purpose was originally for Germans to hold political enemies. During the Holocaust, it became a major forced labor camp for Jewish prisoners.Thousands of people were put to death before US forces liberated it in 1945. The camp is located in the state of Bavaria. Significance: The Dachau camp is significant since it was the first concentration and death camp that slaughtered thousands of people.

Emigration: Following events of destruction and violence like Kristallnacht, Jews sought refuge outside of Germany. Hitler supported this since he considered deportation a solution to the “Jewish problem”. This phase lasted from 1933 to 1938. Emigration was the major departure of thousands of Jews and their families. Significance: This was important because the Jewish people left or were forced out of Germany. They gave up everything to leave behind the injustice of anti-semitism.

Immigration: In 1930, Jewish people left German territories to find permanent homes in another country. They would move to countries such as Britain, the Dominican Republic, Spain, the US, Shanghai, Switzerland, and France. However, many countries closed their borders after thousands of refugees tried to enter the country. Significance: This is significant because Jewish people wanted to live their lives in peace so they moved where people were not anti-sematic.

Holocaust: The Holocaust was the systematic incarceration and murder of over 6 million Jews in Nazi Germany (11-12 million in all). Adolf Hitler’s goal was to create a master race of Germanic people. Though known as “The Final Solution” by the Nazi party, Jews called this the “Great Fire,” since all the dead bodies were burned. 4-5 million non Jews such as Gypsies and homosexuals were also slaughtered. 1.5 million of which were children. There were over 1100 concentration camps. It lasted from 1933 to 1945. Significance: The Holocaust was important since it was a racist based genocide. The violence led to the founding of Israel after World War II.

Mein Kampf: (1934) Mein Kampf was an autobiography written by Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazis. Translated as “My Fight,” it was written while he was in prison for (5 years→ 9 months) attempting to overthrow the government with the Brown Shirts political party. In his writings, he introduced the idea that the Aryans, or “master race,” were Germanic so the racially inferior races were the Jew and Slavic people. When Hitler rose to power, over 10 million copies were sold. Significance: This is significant because it pushed the ideas of antisemitism that led to the holocaust.

Typhus: Disease was a major cause of death in camps during the Holocaust. Typhus was a deadly disease cause and spread in unsanitary conditions. Without medical treatment, thousands of prisoners died. Significance: This is important since it reveals the horrific conditions in which the Nazis held their prisoners.

Kristallnacht: Kristallnacht was a violent act of anti-semitism and is translated as the Night of Broken Glass (“reason” was the death of German official). From November 9-10, 1938, rioters destroyed over 7,000 Jewish-owned businesses as well as 267 synagogues in Germany, Sudetenland, and Austria. Over 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and held in concentration camps. Significance: This was a major step in Jewish persecution and led to the emigration of Jew thousands of people.

Munich Conference: This conference took place in 1938 in Munich, Germany between the French leader Neville Chamberlain, Italian dictator Benito Mussilini, and Nazi leader Adolf Hilter. The goal was to avoid a second world war and an agreement was reached that Hitler would annex the Sudetenland, as long as he did not invade any other land. This attempt at appeasement failed as Hitler continued adding to the demands. He wanted Hungry and Poland and eventually succeeded in taking Czechoslovakia. Significance: This averted the outbreak of war but Czechoslovakia and Sudetenland were lost. It showed that appeasement fails.

Evian Conference: This conference met from July 6-15th, 1938 in Evian-les-Bains, France. It discussed Jewish refugees that were fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany. Thirty-two countries and twenty-four organizations attended. All countries except the Dominican Republic closed down their borders since they could not support the economic hardships that would come with accepting the refugees. Significance: This is important because turning away the Jews drove Hitler to slaughter them all in the “Final Solution.”

Aryan: Aryans were Hitler’s master race of Germans. He believed them to be superior and expressed this in his autobiography, Mein Kampf. Significance: This is significant because these ideas dehumanized Jews and other groups of people, and led to the Holocaust.

Reparation Payments: Reparations are compensation payments made by the losing side in a war. In World War I, Germany was blamed for the entire war, and forced to pay 32 billion dollars in reparations. Unable to pay, Germany started to print more money, leading to hyperinflation. In 1923, one US dollar was equivalent to one trillion German Marks. This severely damaged Germany’s economic and political systems, and took its toll on the general populace. Significance: This was significant as it gave Germany motive to take revenge and to place the blame on the “inferior races.”

Facism: Fascism is a type of government led by a dictator with absolute control (extreme nationalism). They are also aggressive militarists, imperialists, and they only have one political party. This system of government was started by Benito Mussolini of Italy but was then adapted in Germany by Adolf Hitler. Significance: This was significant since it gave Adolf Hitler complete control and leadership over the Holocaust. Today, facism is outlawed internationally.

Treaty of Versailles: The Treaty of Versailles was a compromise between Germany and the Allied Powers and was signed five days after Franz Ferdinand’s assassinationon, on June 28, 1919. Britain and France didn’t want to accept Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, since they were concerned about national security and wanted to srtip Germany of its war-making power. The treaty created a League of Nations that was an international association aimed towards keeping peace. The Treaty of Versailles also punished Germany: They lost 10-13% of their land, had restricticted military operations (100,000 soldiers), and were forced to take full responsibility of the war meaning they had to pay reparations to the Allies (a total of 32 billion $s). Significance: This was important since it angered the Germans and gave them a reason to fight back. It was one reason for World War II.

Genocide: Genocide is the systematic killing of an entire people. During the Holocaust, Nazis killed 6 million Jews under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. Significance: The Holocaust was important since it was a racist based genocide. The violence led to the founding of Israel after World War II.

Enabling Act: The Enabling Act, also known as the Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Reich, was passed on March 2, 1934. It was signed by President Paul Von Hindenburg and allowed Hitler to create laws without approval. Significance: The Enabling Act gave Hitler the power to pass laws without resistance and move forward with whatever plans he wanted.

Gestapo: The Gestapo were the German secret police force created by Herman Goring in 1933. In 1936, Heinrich Himmler was appointed as chief and founded the Einsatzgruppen, or the death squads. They did not answer to any legal oversight and were free to kill without consequence. Thus the Gestapo and Einsatzgruppen were used to take down opposition to the Nazis. They were extremely brutal and above the law. Einsatzgruppen were estimated to have killed more than 2 million people between 1941-1945. Significance: This is significant because the Gestapo played a vital role in executing millions of people. After the war, members of the Einsatzgruppen were prosecuted and charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. This was important because they followed through with “The Final Solution.” and are responsible for so many deaths.

Reich: Reich translates to empire or rule in English. Hitler called his government the Third Reich. To him, the two best governments in the past were the Holy Roman Empire and Imperial Germany (1871-1918). He considered his rule to be the third greatest. Significance: This was important because it showed that Hitler believed he was doing what was best for Germany. It gives us perspective and proved that he was a passionate nationalist.

Euthanasia: Euthanasia is the act of ending a life of a person who is suffering. However in August 1939, Hitler ordered German Health Care Officials to hold coordinated euthanization as the first program of killing in Nazi Germany. Health authorities encouraged the parents of disabled children to admit them into a facility. More than 70,000 people were killed by overdose of lethal poison, medication, or starvation. Significance: This is significant because it was Hitlers first step in eliminating inferiors and creating a master race.

Inflation: Inflation is the decrease of currency due to the high prices of market items. One example is Germany after World War 1. Reparations are compensation payments made by the losing side in a war. In World War I, Germany was blamed for the entire war, and forced to pay 32 billion dollars in reparations. Unable to pay, Germany started to print more money, leading to hyperinflation. In 1923, one US dollar was equivalent to one trillion German Marks. This severely damaged Germany’s economic and political systems, and took its toll on the general populace. Significance: This was significant as it gave Germany motive to take revenge and to place the blame on the “inferior races.”

Madagascar Plan: In June 1940, the head of the Jewish Department of the German Forgien Office, Franz Rademacher proposed Jews be forcibly relocated to the French territory of Madagascar. Germany gained control in the surrender terms with France and Adolf Hitler gave approval. On August 15th, 1940, Rademacher announced a million jews to be moved there a year, for 4 years. However, the British Navel blockages prevented this and the idea was completely dismissed with the creation of “The Final Solution.” Significance: This was important as it was an alternative idea to the annihilation of all Jews.

Stock Market Crash: The Stock Market crashed in October 1929 and led to America’s Great Depression. In World War I, Germany was blamed for the entire war, and forced to pay 32 billion dollars in reparations. Unable to pay, Germany started to print more money, leading to hyperinflation. In 1923, one US dollar was equivalent to one trillion German Marks. This severely damaged Germany’s economic and political systems, and took its toll on the general populace. In 1924, the economy evolved and started to return to normal but when the stock market crashed in 1929, Germany became politically unstable (since they relied on loans from other countries) and then led to the downfall of the Weimar Republic. Significance: This is significant since Hitler rose to power thanks to the weak government caused by the stock market crash. With deep rooted anti-semitism, Hitler was able to convince Germany to blame the Jews and take action.

Einsatzgruppen: The Gestapo were the German secret police force created by Herman Goring in 1933. In 1936, Heinrich Himmler was appointed as chief and founded the Einsatzgruppen, or the death squads. They did not answer to any legal oversight and were free to kill without consequence. Thus the Gestapo and Einsatzgruppen were used to take down opposition to the Nazis. They were extremely brutal and above the law. Einsatzgruppen were estimated to have killed more than 2 million people between 1941-1945. Significance: This is significant because the Gestapo played a vital role in executing millions of people. After the war, members of the Einsatzgruppen were prosecuted and charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. This was important because they followed through with “The Final Solution.” and are responsible for so many deaths.