osmosis:: the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane up a solute concentration gradient

osmosis depends on:: the number of particles in a given volume of solution

osmolarity:: = molarity * particles/molecule

hyperosmotic:: higher osmolarity in relation to another solution

hypoosmotic:: lower osmolarity in relation to another solution

isosmotic:: the same osmolarity in relation to another solution

tonicity:: describes a solution based on its effects on the volume of a cell placed in the solution

hypertonic:: water diffuses out, shrinking

hypotonic:: water diffuses in, swelling

lysis:: a very hypotonic solution causes _____

isotonic:: water diffuses normally, no effect to the cell

nonpenetrating solutes:: only solutes that effect osmolarity and tonicity

body fluid osmolarity:: 300 mOsm

nonpenetrating:: assume that all intracellular solutes are _____