1.1 anatomical terminology
movement (in relation to a body part)
Abduction - movement away from the body (abduction of the shoulder raises arms out to side of animal)
Adduction - movement towards midline (abduction of hips squeeze legs together)
Pronation - rotation of hand & forearm so palm faces down/backwards
Supination - rotation of forearm & hand so palms face up/forwards
Flexion - decrease angle between two body parts
Extension - increase angle between two body parts
Protraction - anterolateral movement of scapula on thoracic wall, allowing shoulder to move anteriorly (e.g. reaching out to grab something)
Retraction - posteromedial movement of scapula on thoracic wall, allowing should to move posteriorly (e.g. picking something up)
planes
Rostral - towards muzzle
Cranial - nearer to skull
Caudal - away from skull (towards tail)
Proximal (limbs) - closer to body
Distal (limbs) - away from body
Ventral - closer to belly
Dorsal - nearer to back
Lateral (median plane) - further from midline
Medial (median plane) - closer to midline, cut to equal right & left
Sagittal plane - cut right & left, not equal
Superficial - closer to surface (of skin)
Deep - opposed to superficial
Palmar - under fore-foot
Plantar - under hind-foot
Axial - closer to front of leg
Abaxial - further from centre of leg
Estimating genetic merit is a process used to evaluate and compare the genetic potential of animals for specific traits. This is done by analyzing the animal's DNA and comparing it to a reference population. The resulting information can be used to make informed breeding decisions, such as selecting animals with desirable traits to produce the next generation.
1.1 anatomical terminology
movement (in relation to a body part)
Abduction - movement away from the body (abduction of the shoulder raises arms out to side of animal)
Adduction - movement towards midline (abduction of hips squeeze legs together)
Pronation - rotation of hand & forearm so palm faces down/backwards
Supination - rotation of forearm & hand so palms face up/forwards
Flexion - decrease angle between two body parts
Extension - increase angle between two body parts
Protraction - anterolateral movement of scapula on thoracic wall, allowing shoulder to move anteriorly (e.g. reaching out to grab something)
Retraction - posteromedial movement of scapula on thoracic wall, allowing should to move posteriorly (e.g. picking something up)
planes
Rostral - towards muzzle
Cranial - nearer to skull
Caudal - away from skull (towards tail)
Proximal (limbs) - closer to body
Distal (limbs) - away from body
Ventral - closer to belly
Dorsal - nearer to back
Lateral (median plane) - further from midline
Medial (median plane) - closer to midline, cut to equal right & left
Sagittal plane - cut right & left, not equal
Superficial - closer to surface (of skin)
Deep - opposed to superficial
Palmar - under fore-foot
Plantar - under hind-foot
Axial - closer to front of leg
Abaxial - further from centre of leg
Estimating genetic merit is a process used to evaluate and compare the genetic potential of animals for specific traits. This is done by analyzing the animal's DNA and comparing it to a reference population. The resulting information can be used to make informed breeding decisions, such as selecting animals with desirable traits to produce the next generation.