Bacteria (1 Kingdom)

• Prokaryotes- Single celled organisms that have rigid cell walls and DO NOT have a nucleus or well defined organelles

• 3.5 Billion years old (3,500,000,000)

• There are more individual types of bacteria than ALL of the other species combined

• Usually sorted by shape

Bacilli (Rod shaped), Cocci (Spherical shaped), Spirilla (Spiral)

Monera - An older classification where Archaea and Bacteria were in the same Kingdom, before technology allowed us to divide it further into Archaea and Bacteria

Flagellum - A slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, etc. to swim

Reproduce asexually by BINARY FISSION

• A form of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into 2 cells exactly the same size

• Do well in a warm & wet environment

• If cold and dry, can form into an endospore

Many have their color in the name

• Cyno=blue, Melano=black, Chloro=green, Erythro=red, Leuko=white

Mostly bacteria is thought as bad

Pathogenic Bacteria - Bacteria that cause disease

• But most bacteria are good and beneficial

Bioremediation - Changing harmful chemicals into harmless chemicals

Nitrogen Fixation - The bacterial conversion of nitrogen in the air into a form of nitrogen that can be used by plants during photosynthesis

Eukarya (4 Kingdoms= Protozoa, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)

• Domain of all organisms that consist of cells that have a membrane bound nucleus and defined organelles

• Made up ENTIRELY of EUKARYOTES-organisms made up of cells that have membrane-bound organelles and nucleus

Cilia - A short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain Eukaryotic single-cell organisms that enable motion or sensing

Autotroph - An organism that produces its own food (producer)

Heterotroph - An organism that gets its food by eating other organisms or their byproducts (Consumer & Decomposers)

Protista - Kingdom of all eukaryotes that ARE NOT plants, animals, or fungi

• Mostly single celled organisms (some are multicellular)

• Probably evolved from Bacteria over 2 billion years ago

• Some are animal-like (Protozoans)

• Some are plant-like (Algae)

• Slime Molds

Parasite - An organism that feeds on an organism from another species, and that usually harms the HOST

• The HOST NEVER benefits from a parasite

Host - An organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter

Protist Producer - Mostly lives in the water

Algae - Eukaryotic organism that converts the sun’s energy into food through photosynthesis (Using the sun’s energy to make food,) but do not have roots, stems, or leaves

• Green, Red, Brown

Conjugation - A process of genetic recombination that occurs between two organisms (such as bacteria) in addition to asexual reproduction