1. Word order: Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure

2. Use of measure words (classifier) when counting or specifying nouns

3. Aspect particles such as 了 (le) for completed actions and 過 (guò) for experienced actions

4. Negation with 不 (bù) or 没有 (méi yǒu)

5. Particle 的 (de) to indicate possession or modification

6. Verb complements to indicate completion, possibility, or direction

7. Sentence particles like 嗎 (ma) for yes-no questions and 呢 (ne) for seeking further information or confirmation

8. Modal verbs such as 可以 (kěyǐ) for permission, 能 (néng) for ability, and 應該 (yīnggāi) for obligation

9. Conjunctions like 和 (hé) for “and”, 但是 (dànshì) for “but”, and 因為 (yīnwèi) for “because”

10. Use of reduplication for emphasis or indicating repetition.

11. Tense and aspect markers: While Chinese doesn’t have tense markers in the same way as many other languages, aspect markers like 了 (le) and 過 (guò) often convey information about the timing or completion of actions.

12. Sentence-final particles: These are particles added to the end of sentences to indicate mood or attitude, such as 吧 (ba) for suggestions or softening requests, 呀 (ya) for emphasis or surprise, and 啊 (a) for expressing realization or drawing attention.

13. Ba construction (把字句): Used to indicate the object of an action and often implies a change in the state of the object.

14. Expressing comparison: Using 比 (bǐ) to indicate comparison between two things, and 最 (zuì) to indicate superlatives.

15. Expressing possession: Besides 的 (de), possessive pronouns like 我的 (wǒ de) for “my”, 你的 (nǐ de) for “your”, and so on.

16. Expressing duration: Using 了 (le) or 著 (zhe) to indicate the duration of an action.

17. Expressing condition: Using 如果 (rúguǒ) for “if”, 要是 (yàoshi) for “if” or “in case”, and 如果…就 (rúguǒ…jiù) for “if…then” constructions.

18. Expressing cause and effect: Using 因為…所以 (yīnwèi…suǒyǐ) for “because…so”, and 由於 (yóuyú) for “due to” or “owing to.”

19. Expressing purpose: Using 為了 (wèile) for “in order to” or “for the purpose of”.

20. Expressing potentiality: Using 可能 (kěnéng) for “maybe” or “possible,” and 會 (huì) for indicating future possibility or probability.

[These are just a few more grammar points to add to your understanding of Chinese. Practice and exposure to the language will help reinforce these concepts.]