Cell Organelles

Structures in eukaryotic cells that have specialized functions.

Main Roles of Organelles

-Cell Boundaries

-Control Cell Functions

-Energy Transformers

-Support and Locomotion

Cell Has Two Parts:

-Nucleus- Control Center of Cell

-Cytoplasm- Outside the nucleus includes most organelles and cytosol (fluid part)

Cell Organelles and Their Functions:

Nucleus- control center of the cell; contains chromatin (chromosomes) and the nucleolus; surrounded by the nuclear envelope.

1. Chromatin (Chromosomes): hereditary information (DNA)

2. Nucleolus: makes ribosomes components

3. Nuclear Envelope: double membrane boundary around the nucleus; contains pores.

Cytoplasm: where cell metabolism takes place; surrounded by the plasma membrane, which acts as a boundary or gateway for the cell.

• Cytoskeleton: includes microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

  1. Microtubules: structure and support of the cell; form tracks for organelles to move along

  2. Microfilaments (Actin): change the cell shape; contraction; movement of the cell

  3. Intermediate Filament: holds cell parts together in network.

  4. 

• Vesicles: short-term storage sacs; short-term transport

• Mitochondria: cellular respiration, the powerhouse of the cell

• Ribosomes: protein synthesis; free ribosomes make proteins for use inside cells (sometimes found inside the Rough ER)

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough): folded membranes; ribosomes attached ER synthesize proteins for cell membrane and use outside the cell

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth): folded membranes; makes lipids

• Golgi Complex: package, sort, and distribute proteins

• Lysosomes: sac with digestive enzymes that hydrolyze macromolecules and used parts of the cell; “suicide sack”

• Vacuole: storage sac of water, food, and waste,…

• Peroxisomes: break down toxins; converts fats to carbohydrates

• Centriole: made of microtubules; used in cell division in animal cells; located in the region called centrosomes

• Cell Wall: structure and support of plant cell

• Chloroplast: photosynthesis (make food) in plant cell

Structures for movement of cell or of materials around the cell- composed of microtubules

• Cilia: short hairlike structures

• Flagella: long whiplike tail

The Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane is a Boundary Around the Cell