intertestamental period: 400 years btwn old testament and new testament

4 Political Stages: Ptolemaic, Seleucid, Maccabean, Roman

Ptolemaic Stage: 301-198 BCE, process of hellenization in palestine under Ptolemy

Hellenization: the process of incorporating greek culture/rules into jewish society

Seleucid Stage: 198-167 BCE, Seleucid general antiochus III takes palestine from ptolemaic rulers

What happeneded in 169 BCE: Antiochus Epiphanes banned the practice of judaism, burned scripture, and desecrated the temple by sacrficing a pig on the altar, the jews then revolted

Maccabean Stage: 167-163 BCE, mattathius and his 5 sons started the revolt

Judas the hammer Maccabeus: led jews to victory after father’s death

What 2 conditions did Judas the hammer agree to end the revolt on: The temple was purified and jews are granted religious freedom

Hanukkah: 164 BCE, temple was purified and rededicated

When did jews win their political freedom: 142 BCE

Pro-Hellenistic/Sadducees: focused more on political freedom and maintaining religious and political power

Anti-Hellenistic/Pharisees: focused more on religious freedom/power after temple was redidcated

Roman Stage: jews allowed to govern themselves as allies of rome

Which side of the Jewish Leader civil war did the romans ally with: The pharisees/anti-hellenistic group

What did the roman general Pompey do when he entered jerusalem in 63 BCE: began a 3 month seige, taking the temple and killing 12,000 defenders

When did rome take palestine as a province and who was the local king: 47-4BCE and herod the great

Archelaus: governed judea and samaria, but removed in 6CE in favor of roman governor

Antipas: governed galilee and perea

Philip: governed in the districts North and East of Galilee

Who was the roman governor headquarted in Caesarea in 33CE: Pontus Pilate

Caesar Augustus: 27B.C.E. 14 C.E., Jesus Born

Tiberius: 14-37 C.E., Jesus’s Ministry

Claudius: 41-54 C.E., Expels Jews, Acts 18

Nero: 54-68 C.E., Peter and Paul Martyred?

Vespasian: 69·79 C.E., Crushed Jewish revolt in 70, destruction of Temple

Domitian: 81-96 C.E., Persecuted Church, Book of Revelation

Jews in Palestine spoke what languages: Latin, greek, aramaic, and a little bit of hebrew

christianity: emerged from first century judaism

What is the difference between jews and christians: whether or not Jesus is the messiah

Which of the NT writers was not jewish: Luke

temple: represented God’s presence

between mt. gerezim and mt. ebal, where God told Moses to go and worship Him when they get into the promise land (Due. 11:29)

Natural amphitheater at shechem: where Joshua read the law

the temple shifted meaning in the New Testament to what: the physical body

synagogue: established during Babylonian exile, 586-537 BCE, an exile creation to pass on faith customs and traditions

synagogue required how many males to create: 10

authority of rabbi grew because they can now read and interpret the torah

synagogue became the model fo worship for early church

what distinguished jew from jew in the first century: one recites Jesus is Lord

Sanhedrin: jewish high court, led by Chief Priest, had power to rule over civil and religious matters

pharisees: power found in synagogue, they were laymen, scribes, and lawyers

What did the pharisees do with the torah: put a fence around it by using commentary

talmud: commentary on torah, and way to control normal jews

Sabbath Laws: 39 categories of law regarding what is forbidden on the sabbath

religious liberals but cultural conservatives: pharisees

Sadducees: claim to be descendants of Zadok, were priests who served in the temple and were wealthy landowners and artistocrats, hellenized jews who cooperated with the ruling authorities and were mediators btwn people and romans, disappeared from jewish life in 70CE after temple was destroyed

religious conservatives but cultural liberals: saducees

rejected oral commentary in favor of torah: sadducees

Theological beliefs of pharisees: total sovereignty of God, immortal soul and resurrection, believed in angels and demons, authority is torah and rabbinical Oral/Written Traditions

Theological beliefs of sadducees: free will, no immortal soul or resurrection, no angels or demons, only written torah