biology - is the study of life

bios - life

logos - study

branches of biology

• taxonomy

  • naming & classifying organisms

• cytology

  • cells & animal cells

• embryology

  • formation and development of organisms

• anatomy

  • structures & body parts

• physiology

  • functions of organisms and its parts

• biochemistry

  • biological composition

• genetics

  • heredity & variation

• evolution

  • origin of organisms

• ecology

  • relationship of organisms with the environment

biological levels of organization:

I. atom

• fundamental unit of matter

II. molecule

• group of atoms

• combination of two or more elements

III. cell organelles

• centrosome

• cell wall

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

• chloroplast

• cytoplasm

IV. cell

• basic unit of life

V. tissue

• group of cells

• four types

  • connective

  • muscle

  • nervous

  • epithelial

VI. organ

• collection of tissue

• what makes the body work

VII. organ system

• system of organs

• collection of organs

  • nervous, circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, urinary/excretory, lymphatic system

VIII. organism

• capable of reproduction

IX. population

• group of same species living in the same area

X. biocenoses/community

• a community

• relationship of organisms

XI. ecosystem

• environment of organisms’

• interactions of living things with their environment

XII. biome

XIII. biosphere

theories of the origin of life

• si malakas, at si maganda

  • adam and eve in filipino context

  • first man and woman in the philippine folklore

• divine theory of creation

  • creationism - divine power

  • god created earth in 6 days

  • basis is the bible

• theory of evolution

  • charles darwin

biogenesis vs. abiogenesis

biogenesis

• making new living things

• reproduction

• life comes from life

abiogenesis

• life comes from non-living things

• spontaneous generation

scientists

1. john needham

   • theory of spontaneous generation

   • experiment: flask and broth

     • if the flask is heated, it will kill all the microorganisms living in that broth

     • after heating he covered it with a cork and let it sit for a few days

     • after his observation, he saw microorganisms in the broth

     • flaw: he didn’t heat the broth enough for it to boil

     • conclusion: microorganisms spontaneously generated from non-living matter of the broth

2. francesco redi

   • experiment: jar and meat

   • used 3 setups

     • setup a

       • unsealed; maggots were seen in here

     • setup b

       • sealed, no maggots were seen in here

     • setup c

       • covered with gauze; maggots were seen on top of the gauze

   • conclusion: maggots were offsprings of flies and there is a presence of air

     • maggots originated from flies which is and existing life form

     • maggots - larvae of flies

3. louis pasteur

   • created the first 3 vaccines

other scientists who contributed in evolution

1. charles darwin

   • theory of evolution

   • proposed that species change over time

   • survival of the fittest

2. george-louis buffon

   • species change as they migrate to new environment

3. jean baptiste lamarck

   • species change gradually to adapt to its needs

   • theory of use & disuse

   • theory of inheritance

how do we distinguish a living organism?

characteristics of life

• growth and development

  • increases

• reproduction

  • process of making the next generation

  • sexual

  • asexual

    • binary fission

    • fragmentation

    • regeneration

• homeostasis

  • balances your body temperature

• metabolism

  • breakdown/gathering of energy

  • catabolism

    • breaking molecules to obtain energy

  • anabolism

    • process of synthesizing compounds

• motility

  • ability to respond

  • to move or exhibit spontaneous motion