Chapter 10

Market Revolution

The transition from a pre-industrial economy to a market-oriented, capitalist economy.

Industrial Revolution

an era in which widespread production by machinery replaced goods made by hand

Samuel Slater

opened a factory in rhode island in 1793. This is considered to be the beginning of the industrial revolution in the US

Factory System

A method of production in which large crews of people performed work in one location

textile

the cloth and clothing made from cotton & other raw materials

Edmund Cartwright

developed the first power loom

Francis Cabot Lowell

developed a faster, more efficient power loom for his textile mill in Massachusetts

strike

A work stoppage in order to force an employer to comply with demands

Eli Whitney

one of the most influential inventors of the 1800s. He invented the cotton gin and developed the use of interchangeable parts

interchangeable parts

parts of a mechanism that can be substituted one for another

Robert Fulton

Developed the use of the steamboat

Steamboat

A boat with steam boiler engines to power the paddle wheels that propel it forward

Samuel F.B. Morse

Developed the use of the telegraph

Telegraph

A machine that sent messages long distances by sending electrical pulses in code over electrical wires

Cyrus Hall McCormick

Developed the use of the mechanical reaper

Reaper

A machine that cuts stalks of wheat or oats

Cotton Gin

a machine that separates cotton seeds and hull from the cotton ball

Interstate slave trade

The buying and selling of slaves within the U.S.

Antebellum

the time period before the Civil War

Spirituals

A religious song sun by enslaved persons based upon biblical figures and themes

passive resistance

A nonviolent refusal to obey authority and laws

Gabriel Prosser

A slave who planned a revolt in Virginia in 1800

Demark Vesey

A freed slave who used scripture to inspire the burning down of building in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822

Nat Turner

In 1831 led a small group of slaves in violent rebellion killing more than 50 people in one night. Turner was eventually captured and hanged

Nationalism

loyalty and devotion to one's nation

Henry Clay

From Kentucky, a congressman who supported tariffs to promote american manufacturing

John C. Calhoun

From South Carolina, a congressman who supported tariffs to promote American manufacturing

subsidy

Government funds

American system

A policy of promoting the U.S. industrial system through the use of tariffs, federal subsidies, and the national bank

Erie Canal

A man-made canal that connected lake Erie with the Hudson river

Illinois and Michigan canal

A man-made canal that connected lake Michigan to the illinois and Mississippi rivers

James Monroe

5th President of the U.S., 1817-1825

Era of Good Feelings

A period of political history that reflected a common sense of national purpose & unity. The era of good feelings is associated with the president of James Morie

implied powers

A power not explicitly stated in the Constitution

Monopoly

The complete and exclusive control of an industry by one company

Sectionalism

a loyalty to whichever section or region of the country one was from, rather than to the nation as a whole

Missouri Compromise

An agreement that stated the people of Missouri could on slaves and be admitted to the union along Maine a free state

unorganized territory

Lands governed by the federal government but not belonging to any state

Monroe Docterine

An approach to foreign policy that stated the American continents were no longer European influence.

Republican motherhood

The idea that woman should raise their children to be good citizens who participate in the government

Judith Sargent Murray

Female rights activist following the revolution who argued that the brain is not a sex organ. She wrote "On the Equality of Sexes". \n Argued for equal education opportunities \n Argued that women's apparent mental inferiority to men simply reflected the fact that women had been denied

Catharine Beecher

Founded Hartford female seminary, a school for women in COnnecticut

Abolition

The act of putting and end to something, such as slavery.