AMSCO Unit 5 KC#3 (5.10-5.12) Terms 85-121

Land Cover Changes

The study of how land is used and the impact of changing land use.

Farming Pollution

Refers to biotic and abiotic byproducts of farming practices that result in contamination or degradation of the environment and surrounding ecosystems, and/or cause injury to humans and their economic interests.

Desertification

Alteration of the natural vegetation in arid areas causes fertile land to become infertile.

Salinization

Occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil.

Conservation

Uses cover crops, crop rotation, and minimal tilling to produce annual crops.

Terrace Farming

One of the earliest human alterations of the landscape in which farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill.

Irrigation

The process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using dams, canals, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other manufactured devices rather than relying on just rainfall, is called irrigation.

Aral Sea - Problems with Irrigation

Contributed a great deal to the disappearance of the Aral Sea to more than half of its original size.

Deforestation

The removal of large tracts of forest.

Slash-N-Burn Agriculture

An early agricultural practice and type of shifting cultivation. Takes place when all vegetation in an area of forest is cut down and burned in a place.

Changing Diets

The changing of the diet of a large number of people to the point of influencing agricultural companies. dispersed. scattered, spread, broken up.

Roles of Women in Agriculture

Rearing poultry and small livestock and growing food crops, they are responsible for some 60% to 80% of food production in developing countries.

Challenges of GMOs

Challenges are mainly on increasing fisheries production and productivity from aquaculture and fisheries resources, both inland and marine.

Blue Revolution

This practice is now the fastest growing form of food production on the planet and responsible for approximately 50 percent of the world's seafood.

Challenges to Aquaculture

Animal wellbeing and food safety are two key challenges for this sector.

Environmental Challenges

Challenges, such as impacts of climate change, loss of biodiversity, over-use of natural resourcesand environmental and health issues.

Overgrazing

Most often occurs when farmers or herders have too many animals, they control too little land, or climatic conditions worsen and there is less pasture available than usual.

Organic Foods

Crops must be non-GMO, produced without pesticides or synthetic fertilizers, and use sustainable growing practices. Many consumers believe that this kind of produce is healthier for them and safer for the environment.

Value-added Crops

Those crops for which consumers are willing to pay more because of special qualities or because they are difficult to acquire.

Value-added Farming

This occurs when when farmers process their crops into high-value products, rather than simply selling it as it comes from the field.

Local-food Movement

Advocates have pointed out that this movement supports local farmers and reduces the use of fossil fuel used to transport products.

Urban Farming

Refers to the production of farm goods within an urban area with the goal of providing locally grown food.

Community Gardens

This is an increasingly popular variation of the urban farming model.

Vertical Farms

To grow crops inside in stackable trays, using greenhouses, artificial lights, and hydroponics.

Hydroponics

Allows crops to grow without soil using mineral-enriched solutions. These processes use less water and less land since trays can be stacked vertically.

Community-Sponsored Agriculture

A system that connects producers and consumers within the food system closer by allowing the consumer to subscribe to the harvest of a certain farm or group of farms.

Food Insecurity

This is used when households lack access to adequate food because of limited money or other resources.

Food Desert

This term is used when there is a neighborhood where residents have little to no access to healthy and affordable food.

Food Distribution System

A system where there is a network of trade and transportation that get food from farms to consumers.

Food Processing

The transformation of agricultural products into food or taking food in terms and transforming them into a different type of food.

Tariff

A tax on imports.

Quota

Limiting the quantity of a good imported.

Gender Roles

The role or behavior considered to be appropriate to a particular gender as determined by prevailing cultural norms.

Gender Inequality

The unequal opportunities, treatment, or rights of a person based on gender.

Gender-specific Obstacles

Discriminatory practices that prevent female farmers from reaching their potential productivity.

Crop Gap

The word used in terms of productivity when there is a lack of gender inequality that resulted in 20 to 30 percent between male and female run farms.

Agritourism

Any activity carried out on a farm or ranch that allows members of the general public, for recreational, entertainment, or educational purposes, to view or enjoy rural activities