Euro Industrialization

The Chartists

The working class people leading a campaign for universal suffrage, equal electoral districts, and secret ballots

Anti Corn Law League

The group hoping to end high tariffs on imported grains, therefore lowering food prices

Jeremy Bentham

The utilitarian who first believed in government intervention for the greater good

John Stuart Mill

The utilitarian who believed it was important to listen to the minority

Flora Tristan

The utopian who believed the working class couldn’t be lifted out of poverty until women were given suffrage

Karl Marx

Wrote the communist manifesto, calling for the middle class to rise up, destroying ownership and class systems to create total equality

Utilitarians

People who believed in government intervention to create a social safety net and prevent inequality

Metternich

The conservative pioneer of the Concert of Europe. They worked together to suppress nationalist rebellions

Nationalism

The belief in the superiority of one’s ethnic group and their need to govern themselves

Count Cavour

The leader from Piedmont-Sardinia who spearheaded the Italian unification efforts

Giuseppe Garibaldi

The military leader from Sicily who fought to unify south Italy, later ceding it to Piedmont-Sardinia

Social Darwinism

The belief in survival of the fittest as applied to races, leading to imperialism

Dreyfus Affair

The event in which a Jewish soldier was falsely accused and punished of treason despite evidence of his innocence

Haussman

The person who redesigned Paris under Napoleon III

Concert of Europe

BARP: a conservative alliance under Metternich seeking to maintain the balance of power

Greek War

The war for Greek Independence in which the Concert of Europe decided to support nationalist Greeks to suppress the Ottomans

Decembrist Revolts

The rebellion of Russian military officers demanding a constitution after the death of Tsar Alexander I

July Revolution 1830

The French rebellion led by the poor which overthrew Charles X, instituting Louis Philippe

Belgian Revolution

The revolution establishing Belgium as a state independent of the Netherlands due to cultural differences

Simon Bolivar

The leader who fought against Spain for Colombian independence

Louis Phillipe

The “citizen king” after the July Revolutions who, despite being liberal & expanding voting rights, led a bourgeois life and ignored demands of poor workers

Napoleon III

The leader after the French Revolution of 1848 who consolidated his power, but improved city life

Florence Nightingale

The nurse during the Crimean war who created modern hygiene standards

Crimean War

The war in which Russia invaded the Ottoman Empire, leading to opposition from Britain, France, & Austria. Russia was brutally defeated, showing their need to industrialize & ending the Concert of Europe

Franco-Prussian War

The war in which Germany convinced France to invade southern Germany, leading to German unification & a brutal French defeat

Bismarck

The realpolitik who led to the German unification

Realpolitik

The political ideology in which one abandoned their beliefs in support of the gaining of power

Revolutions of 1848

Revolutions across Europe based on nationalism and liberalism, leading to a conservative backlash after disorganization and the end of the Concert of Europe

Romanticism

The art style prioritizing emotions over reason, which is largely nostalgic, organic, and inspired by nature

Goya, Friedrich, Turner, Delacroix, Beethoven, Shelleyy

Romanticist artists

Realism

The art style that exposes the true nature and cruelties of everyday life

Balzac, Dickens, Eliot, Courbet

Realist Artists

Impressionism

Captured a momentary glimpse of nature, often very abstract using “mind’s eye”

Monet, Cezzane, Picasso, Van Gogh

Impressionist Artists

Freud

A psychologist who exposed many mental conditions

Berlin Conference

The meeting in which European leaders divvied up Africa for themselves

Henri de Saint-Simon

The main utopian socialist

Fashoda Crisis

The conflict in which both England & France stumbled upon Sudan, in which France backed down at the threat of war

Boer War

The war between England & German Boers, in which England won, exacerbating tensions between the countries

Carlsbad Decrees

Metternich persuaded German states to institute laws suppressing liberal movements with a secret police and strict censorship

Louis XVIII

The king after Napoleon who implemented many liberal reforms whilst having very limited voting and strong monarch power

Charles X

The French king who ended the right to vote and the constitution, causing the July Revolution

Danish Schleswig War

The war in which Prussia & Austria sought to capture Danish land that was ethnically German

Austro-Prussian War

The war in which Prussia claimed much of the Austrian Schleswig land that was previously Danish

Ems Dispatch

The event leading to Franco-Prussian War, making it seem like the German Kaiser insulted France during the Spanish succession

Austro-Sardinian War

The war in which Piedmont-Sardinia took Austrian Lombardy, despite France double crossing them and giving them less land