AP Euro Anchor Dates

1545

Council of Trent (Counter-reformation movement)

1660

Restoration of Stuart monarchy in Britain

1642-1651

English Civil War (Puritans vs. Royalists)

Cromwell beheads Charles I (Stuart), ending war

1866-1870

Austro-Prussian War

Franco-Prussian War

1956 & 1968

Soviet crackdowns on Hungarian Revolution & Prague Spring

1991

Breakup of Soviet Union; Creation of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

1990's

Yugoslav Wars & ethnic cleansing

European Union & "Euro" currency created

ERA 1 Movements: 1400-1648 (15th-17th C.)

· Renaissance (Italian & Northern) · Age of Discovery · Protestant Reformation · Wars of Religion · Art: Renaissance, Mannerism

1530's

Henry VIII (Tudor) breaks with Pope and created Church of England

-Machiavelli's published The Prince

-Pizzaro conquers the Inca in Peru

1450's

-100 Years War ends (Fr. vs. Eng.);

-Ottoman Turks take Constantinople

-Printing Press invented (Guttenberg)

1350

Height of the Black Death (1st Bubonic Plague outbreak)

1492

Columbus to the "New World";

Spanish Inquisition & Reconquista

1517-25

-Martin Luther printed 95 Theses on indulgences;

-Diet of Worms HRE denounces Luther

-Protestant Reformation begins

1555

Peace of Augsburg ends German Reformation wars

1588-89

-English defeat Spanish Armada;

-Edict of Nantes restores peace for French Huguenots (Calvinists)

1543

Copernicus published his Heliocentric theory on his deathbed

1600

-Dutch East India Company founded;

-Mercantilism/ Triangle/slave trade begins

1618-1648

30 Years War (Defenestration of Prague) Ended by Treaty of Westphalia

1643-1715

Reign of Louis XIV(14) Absolute Rule in France

Era 2 Movements: 1650-1815 (17th-19th C.)

· Scientific Rev. · Enlightenment · Absolutism · Constitutionalism · French Rev. · Napoleonic Wars · Art: Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism

Era 3 Movements: 1815-1918 (19th-20th C.)

· Industrial Rev. · Age of Reform · Nationalism · New Imperialism · World War I & Russian Rev. · Art: Romanticism, Realism, Modern

Era 4 Movements: 1918-2000's (20th C.)

· Rise of Totalitarians · Great Depression · World War II · Cold War Era · European reunification

1688-89

Glorious Revolution / English Bill of Rights;

1763

Treaty of Paris ends Seven Years' War

1776

-Adam Smith published Wealth of Nations;

-American Revolution

1788-89

French Revolution; Reign of Terror, Rule of Directory

1799-1815

Napoleon's Imperial reign & Napoleonic Wars of Europe

1815

-Defeat of Napoleon;

-Congress of Vienna;

-Conservative Age of Metternich begins

1780-1840

First Industrial Revolution (steam power & railroads)

1848

-Liberal Revolutions in France, Austria, Germany; -Marx & Engel publish Communist Manifesto -Height of Irish potato famine

1861

Emancipation of Serfs in Russia

1871

Unification of Italy / Germany

1870-1914

Second Industrial Revolution (Electricity & combustion engines) Age of Imperialism

1885

Berlin Conference & Scramble for Africa begins

1894 -1903

-Dreyfus affair in France; -Theodore Herzl published Zionist work, The State of the Jews; -Anti-Semitic conspiracy Protocols of the Elders of Zion published

1905

-Russo-Japanese War;

-1st Russian Revolution

1914-18

-First World War;

-End of Austrian Hapsburg Rule

1917

Bolshevik Revolution;

End of Russian Romanov Rule

1918

Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations established

1923

-Soviet Union formed -Hitler writes Mein Kampf after failed Nazi Beer Hall Putsch

1929

Stock market/ economic crash and Great Depression starts a year later

1939-45

WWII & Holocaust

1945-49

Creation of U.N, NATO, Warsaw Pact, Comecon

1989

-Fall of Berlin Wall

-Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia;

-Symbolic End of Cold War Era