Team Dynamics

one's own ethnic or cultural group

ethno

one's own group should be looked upon as the center of the world

centrism

degrees of ethnocentrism:

1. distance of ____ (high ethnocentrism)

2. distance of ___ (moderate ethnocentrism)

3. distance of ___ (low ethnocentrism)

disparagement, avoidance, indifference

____ stereotyping: holds onto negative stereotypes by operating on autopilot; autopilot reaction, rigid categories, premature closure, polarized evaluations, information distortion, and unwilling to change categories

inflexible

____ stereotyping: mindfully minding your mind; mindful of categorization, open-ended categories, first best guesses, loose interpretations, information openness, and willingness to change categories

flexible

____ ___: leader-member relationships are ___ because leaders cannot distribute their ___ resources and time to all subordinates ____; suggests leaders cultivate qualitatively different ___ with different types of ____

LMX theory, heterogenous, limited, equally, relations, employees

process by which a leader engages in different relationships ranging from low to high quality, which influences attitudes and behaviors

LMX differentiation

LMX theory argues that leaders' positive actions can stimulate a sense of ___ in subordinates leading to a lot of positive effects on employee outcomes such as job ___, job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and possibly engagement

indebtedness, satisfaction

system of orientations; shared values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, norms, meanings, and symbols; provides some sort of guidance to us on how to act

culture

culture: a ___ meaning system; consists of ___, beliefs, values, norms, meanings, and symbols; passed on from one generation to the next and are shared to ___ ___; by interacting members of a ___

learned, traditions, varying degrees, community

___'s dimensions of culture:

• power distance: low = ___, high = ___

• level of individualism: low = ___, high = ___

• uncertainty: low = ___ ____ ___, high = ___ ___ ___

• femininity vs. masculinity: low = ___ ___, high = ___ ___

• short vs long term orientation: low = ___ ___ ___ ___, high = ___ ___ ___ ___

• restraint vs indulgence: low = ___ ___, high = ___ ___ ___

Hofstede egalitarian, hierarchy collectivists, individualists comfortable with uncertainty, uncomfortable with uncertainty nurture important, power important traditional and short term, futuristic and long term normative repression, satisfaction is good

ability to inspire and stimulate others to achieve worthwhile goals

leadership

___ orientation (consideration):

• creates environment of ___, ___, and ___

• promotes ___

• communicates

• make ___ with team

people, support, warmth, friendliness, trust, connections

____ orientation (initiating):

• organizes and defines relationships through ___, ___, and ___

• ___ emphasis

• establishes channel of ___ to get the job done

task, tasks, procedures, expectations, production, communication

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• promotes skill development, freethinking, empowerment

• revisits objectives

• fosters confident company culture

• viewed as mentors challenges:

• time consuming: requires one on one time that's hard in a deadline-driven culture

coaching

which leadership style is one of the most advantageous but also underused

coaching

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• helps organization grow, unite teams, and improve practices challenges:

• miss details bc you're focused on the big picture

• present day issues left unaddressed may leave a team feeling unheard

visionary

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• boosts employee loyalty/productivity

• improve development

• trustworthy

• create future leaders challenges:

• burn out

• difficulty w authoritative behaviors when they need to be

servant

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• productivity

• clear/direct communication

• less ambiguity means less stress and confusion challenges:

• stress prone (feels responsible for everything)

• lack flexibility

• not great listeners and are often resented by a team

autocratic

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• encourages accountability/creativity

• relaxed work environment that leads to increased retention rates challenges:

• does not work well with new employees

• lacks structure, which creates confusion

• employees feel unsupported

laissez-faire

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• employees feel empowered/valued

• boosts retention and morale

• requires less managerial oversight as employees are a part of the decision making process challenges:

• can be inefficient and costly (too long organization discussions/getting feedback)

• can add social pressure to contribute ideas to group discussion

democratic (participative)

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• gets employees to hit goals and objectives

• promotes high energy and dynamic work environment

challenges:

• leads to stressed out employees (always a goal or deadline)

• fast pace may lead to miscommunication and lack of instruction

pacesetter

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• values personal connections which promotes morale and retention

• values ethics over goals

challenges:

• team wins can go unnoticed because of the focus on individuals

• details can be overlooked

transformational

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• goals achieved through short term

• clearly defined structure

challenges:

• stifles creativity

• unmotivated employees (no award)

transactional``

what type of leadership style is this? benefits:

• efficient (strict rules)

• clearly defined roles

• separate work and relationship

challenges:

• no promotion of creativity (restricting some)

• slow to change

• does not thrive in dynamic environment

bureaucratic

3 possible results of influence tactics:

• ___: most successful, everyone influenced is enthusiastic

• ___: apathetic, not excited but will comply

• ___: least successful, may actively seek to work against you

commitment, compliance, resistance

potential or capacity to influence

power

leaders are only ___ if they use power

influential

3 most effective types of influences

rational persuasion, inspirational appeal, consultation

3 least effective types of influences

pressure, coalition, legitimating

what are the 3 subcategories of power?

social, position, dependent

6 types of power

reward, information, legitimate/position, expertise, coercion, rapport

what type of power is this? you can ___ certain behaviors

reward

what two types of power are under the dependence subcategory?

information, expertise

what type of power is this? personal and social power

coercion

what type of power is this? can i build a personal relationship with people? the most important in personal/social power

rapport

ethical influence tactics:

• leading by example and ___

• using ___ ___, especially for business folk

• apprising the target (___ ___)

• making a ___ appeal

• developing a reputation as a subject matter ___

• exchanging favors and ___

• ___ a request: top management has asked to do something and you tell everyone to do it

• making an ___ appeal, being charming, and emotional displays

• ___ with others

• forming ___

• being a team player

• practicing ___ ___: getting everyone involved and on the same page

respect, rational persuasion, explaining benefits, personal, expert, bargaining, legitimating, inspirational, consultation, coalitions, hands-on

unethical influence tactics:

• deliberate ___: deception, bluffing, bullying, manipulation

• gentle ___ of people and situations: bandwagoning; "can you do this for me? otherwise I'll have to lay someone off"

• ___ ___ (coercion): rewards - bribes for compliance and threats of severe punishment

• ___: insulting or lowering oneself to control others

Machiavellianism, manipulation, undue pressure, debasement

neutral influence tactics:

• ___: brownnosers, teacher's pets; can border on manipulation

• joking and kidding: can be effective when ___

• ___ appeal: similar to legitimating a request; justifying by saying top management said it's fine

• ___ ___: keep friends close and enemies closer

ingratiation, straightforward, upward, co-opting antagonist