Microscopy

Aquatic plant stem - aerenchyma

Branched leaf hair

Closed vascular bundle

Collenchyma

Companion cells

Cork cambium

Dicot stem - vascular bundles arranged in a ring

Fascicular cambium

Dicot leaf - longitudinal

Monocot leaf - circular insides

Pine leaf - semi-circle

Lenticel

Meristematic tissue

Monocot stem

Open vascular bundle

Palisade parenchyma

Parenchyma

Phellogen and cork

Phellogen

Phloem

Root hair

Root

Sclerenchyma cap

Sclerenchyma

Sieve plate

Sieve tubes

Spongy parenchyma

Starch grains

Stoma

Stone cells

Xylem

Inflorescence types

Flowers grouped in clusters.

1. Panicle

2. Raceme

3. Spike

4. Catkin

5. Umbel

6. Head

Main peduncle is branched, branches bear clusters of flowers.

Panicle

Main peduncle unbranched, single flowers on pedicels.

Raceme

Similar to raceme, but with sessile flowers (very short or no pedicels).

Spike

Similar to spike, but has flowers of only one sex.

Catkin

Peduncle unbranched, all pedicels at the terminal end.

Umbel

Flowers with no pedicels, grouped to form a flower-like structure.

Head

Simple fruit types

1. Fleshy simple fruits

2. Dry dehiscent simple fruits

3. Dry indehiscent simple fruits

Fleshy simple fruits

1. Berry

2. Drupe

3. Hesperidium

4. Pepo

5. Pome

Dry dehiscent simple fruits

1. Follicle

2. Legume

3. Silique

4. Capsule

Dry indehiscent simple fruits

1. Achene

2. Samara

3. Schizocarp

4. Nut

5. Grain (Caryopsis)

Lichen types

1. Crutose

2. Fruticose

3. Foliose

Crust-like, flat, adhering to a surface like a thick coat of paint.

Crutose

Branched, shrub-like, upright or hanging down.

Fruticose

Flat, leaf-like.

Foliose