Studied by 12 peopleWhat is the point of cellular respiration
To burn glucose for ATP energy
What is the formula for glucose?
C6 H12 O6
What is the energy storage in cells?
glucose
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
What is the spendable cash energy
ATP
How do you use ATP
Break the bonds between two phosphates
How do you rebuild a ATP
By burning glucose and using energy from the broken bones to reattach the phosphates
How much energy is in one phosphate bonds of ATP
7 kcal/mol of energy
How many phosphates are on ADP
2 phosphates
How many phosphates are on AMP
1 phosphate
What are uses for ATP
Active transport, breaking down food, protein synthesis, making organelles, cell division, movement, etc.
How much energy is in one glucose molecule
676-686 kcal/mol of energy
What is majority of glucose is energy turned into
heat energy
Why can't cellular respiration be done in one stage
The cells would die from the heat energy released
Equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36-38 ATP
What is the first stage of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
What is the point of glycolysis
To divide the glucose into two pyruvic acids
Where does glycolysis take place
The cytoplasm
What is the only anaerobic stage in cellular respiration
Glycolysis
How much energy results in glycolysis
2 ATP and 2 NADH
HHow many carbons to pyruvic acids have
3 carbons
What is NAH+’s job
To pick up remaining hydrogen and become NADH
What is the next step after glycolysis and cellular respiration
Oxidation of pyruvic acid
What is the goal of the oxidation of pyruvic acid
To break pyruvic acid down into acetyl groups
Where does the oxidation of pyruvic acid take place
The matrix of the mitochondria
What are the final products of the oxidation of pyruvic acid
2 acetyl groups and 2 NADH
HHow many carbons does acetyl group have
2 carbons
What is the enzyme that helps escort acetyl groups to the next stage in cellular respiration
coenzyme a (CoA)
What is the only stage in cellular aspiration that doesn't make ATP
the oxidation of pyruvic acid
The final product of the first stage is always the ____ in the next stage
starting reactant
What is the goal of Krebs cycle
To completely break down the acetyl groups
Where does the Krebs cycle take place
matrix of mitochondria
What are the final products of Krebs cycle
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2
What stage of cellular aspiration make citric acid
Krebs cycle
How many times but you go through Krebs cycle
Twice for each aceto-group
What is the final stage in cellular respiration
Electron transport chain (ETC)
What is the goal of ETC
To convert the electrons in hydrogens in NADH and FADH2 into ATP
Where does ETC take place
Inner membrane of mitochondria
What are the final products of ETC
36 ATP, H20, NAD+, FAD
How is water made in ETC
At the end of ETC oxygen molecules pick up the electrons and bond to become H20
What is ATP synthase
A protein that allows hydrogens to flow from high concentration to low concentration while making ATP
WWhat is the goal of anaerobic respiration
To make energy without the presence of oxygen
What is the only stage in anaerobic respiration that is also in cellular respiration
Glycolysis
What is made in your muscles during anaerobic respiration
lactic acid
Why does your body start making lactic acid
Since you were using too much ATP, your body cannot provide oxygen to all your cells in order to break down glucose
Why can't you do anaerobic exercises for a long period of time
There will be too much lactic acid buildup and your muscles cannot contract
What is a anaerobic respiration for yeast
Alcohol fermentation
What type of energy is light energy
Radiant energy
What is radiant energy
Energy that travels an S shaped waves
What helps you view all sizes of radiant energy
Electromagnetic spectrum
What wavelengths of light can humans see
380-750 nm
What does it mean when you are seeing a color
The color is being reflected by that thing
What does it mean when you see something that is black
No light is being reflected, all wavelengths are being absorbed
What does it mean when you see something that is white
All wavelengths of light are being reflected
What percentage must a wavelength of light be so that humans can see it
50% or higher
What color of light do green plants absorb and reflect
Green light is reflected and red and blue light is absorbed
What is an absorption spectrum
Graph that shows what wavelength of light are most reflected/absorbed in plants
What is the number one plant pigment
Chlorophyll a
What is accessory pigments
Pigments that help position chlorophyll a absorb extra wavelengths of light
What are some accessory pigments
carotene (orange), xanthophyll (yellow), anthocyanin (purple), phycobilins (red), fucoxanthin (brown)
Where is all energy that drives life from
The sun
What are auto troughs
Self feeding organisms that can make their own food (producers)
What are heterotrophs
Organisms that feed off of others in muscat food by consuming it (consumers)
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What converts light energy into chemical energy
Photosynthesis
What is the first stage of photosynthesis
Light reactions / light dependent reactions
What is a quantum Leap
When electrons get charged from the energy of the sun and jump out of the atom
What occurs in PSll
high charged electron leaves the chlorophyll and goes into the thylakoid membrane, water is split and gives its electrons to chlorophyll, as electron goes down chain it attracts hydrogen which travel into the thylakoid making it higher concentration, ATP synthase helps diffuse the hydrogens out of the thylakoid and in doing so making ATP
What occurs in PSl
At the end of ETC the electrons get charged by light again and NADP+ accepts electrons in hydrogen to become NADPH where it'll carry them to the next stage
What wavelength of light does PSll use
P 680
What wavelength of light PSl does use
P 700
WWhat are the products of photosynthesis
NADPH, ATP, O2
Why is photosynthesis important to all life
It creates O2 which humans breathe in and humans breathe carbon dioxide out which plants need
What two things are needed in the Calvin cycle
ATP AND NADPH, the final products from the light dependent reactions
Where is the Calvin cycle occur
the stroma
What enzyme takes CO2 from the air and add it to RuDP
Rubisco
How many carbons is RuDP
6 carbons
What immediately happens to the RuDP after it gets 6 carbons
It splits in half to make two 3 carbon molecules
What is ATP do in the Calvin cycle
It uses energy to make an intermediate compound from the three carbon molecule that was just split
Why is the Calvin cycle a cycle
The three molecule compound gets turned back into RuDP to be used again in the calvin cycle
What is photorespiration
When plants get confused if they're doing photosynthesis or respiration and the enzyme that brings the CO2 let's go of the carbon dioxide and slows down productivity
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